Trauma, infection

Question 1

Blunt renal trauma: imaging in children

> ___ RBC / HPF

Answer 1

50

Question 2

Renal trauma: exploration

Incise over aorta, ___ to IMV

Answer 2

Medial

Question 3

Renal trauma: exploration and end up nephrectomy

Answer 3

Blunt 7%

Penetrating 31%

Question 4

Ontable one shot IVU

___ml / kg at __ mins

Answer 4

2ml/kg , taken 10min

Question 5

Presentation of post-transplantation ureteric stricture

Answer 5

Early

Asymptomatic worsening of RFT

Question 6

Ureteral defect coverable by various techniques:
UU
Ureteroneocystostomy
Psoas hitch
Boari flap
Renal descensus

Answer 6

2
4
6 - 10
12 - 15
5 - 8cm

Question 7

Boari flap:
Tip width
Base width
Flap length to base ratio

Answer 7

>= 3cm
>= 4cm
<= 3 : 1

Question 8

Extraperitoneal bladder injury: indications for surgical repair

Answer 8

failed foley drainage
bone spike puncturing
bladder neck/rectum/vaginal injury

Question 9

Double injury incidence = ?
Bladder + urethra
Urethra + penis

Answer 9

10%

Question 10

AAST classification for urethral injury

Answer 10

Grade 1 to 5
contusion
stretch injury (no extravasate)
partial disruption (contrast inside bladder)
complete (< 2cm)
complete (> 2cm/ prostate/ vagina)

Question 11

Goldman classification for urethral injury based on urethrography

Answer 11

Type 1 to 5
5 anterior
4 bladder neck
1 posterior stretch
2 posterior above UD
3 posterior involving UD

Question 12

What are the ways to gain length during bulbo-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty?

Answer 12

3 ways (in addition to mobilisation)
separation of crura
wedge pubectomy
rerouting of urethra

Question 13

what is SIRS

Answer 13

2 or more

Question 14

what is sepsis

what is septic shock

Answer 14

MAP >=65

Lactic acidosis >= 1.8 mmol/L

Question 15

what is sepsis six?

Answer 15

.

Question 16

what is qSOFA score?

Answer 16

quick sequential organ failure assessment score
SBP < 100
RR > 22
GCS < 15

Question 17

what is procalcitonin?

T 1/2

Answer 17

peptide precursor
bacterial infection
T 1/2 : 1 day

Question 18

what are the FDA categories for drug safety

Answer 18

ABCD X

Question 19

what pili = ?
mediates bladder invasion
mediates pyelonephritis

Answer 19

Type 1

p pili

Question 20

steps of Gram stain

Answer 20

crystal violet
iodine mordant (fixative)
alcohol wash
safranin (counterstain)

Question 21

Significant bacteriuria cutoff
Asymptomatic
Symptomatic

Answer 21

MSU 10^5 ; CSU 10^2 (2 in women)

MSU 10^2

Question 22

what is emphysematous pyelonephritis

Answer 22

acute necrotizing parenchymal , pararenal infection

gas forming organism

Question 23

what gas inside emphysematous pyelonephritis?

Answer 23

O H CO2 N

Question 24

Prognostic factors in emphysematous pyelonephritis

Answer 24

shock, GCS, plt, AKI

Question 25

what is XGP

Answer 25

severe chronic renal infection
diffuse parenchymal destruction
enlarged nonfunctioning kidney with stone

Question 26

steps of ZN stain

Answer 26

“Carbol fuchsin”
heat fix
alcohol wash
methylene blue counterstain

Question 27

what is ketamine

Answer 27

NMDA antag
dissociative anes
psychostimulant properties

Question 28

Choices of Abx according to IMPACT:
Pyelonephritis
Fournier

Answer 28

Augmentin / tazo / mero

Mero / Augmentin+Levo

Question 29

what score for Fournier?

Cutoff = ?

Answer 29

Fournier gangrene severity index: 9 parameters
> 9 : 75%
<= 9 : 22%

Question 30

what is pyocystis

Answer 30

pus filled

defunctionalized bladder

Question 31

what is Spence-Allen procedure?

Answer 31

vaginal vesicostomy (iatrogenic VVF)

Question 32

NIH classification of prostatitis

Answer 32

Category 1 to 4

Cat 3 = CPPS

Question 33

what is NIH-CPSI Questionnaire?

component = ?

Answer 33

chronic prostatitis symptom index

9 ques 3 domains