Trauma Emergencies (CSI, MT, STI) Flashcards
True or False: In Hoffman, the test is negative if you’re able to observe quick adduction of the thumb and flexion of the index finger.
False; positive
If respirations are shallow, assist with a _____
bag valve mask
True or False: Punctures do not cause serious external bleeding but significant internal bleeding.
True
Pharmacologic interventions for soft tissue injury
Antibiotics
Tetanus prophylaxis
Pain medications
Loading dose of Methylprednisolone
30mg/kg IV over 15 minutes
If possible, the injured area should be elevated above the level of the _____
heart
Rhinorrhea and otorrhea are indicative of _____
CSF leak
It indicates maxilla or mandible fracture
Malocclusion of teeth
Always ensure that the patient has a ______ to the dressing.
distal pulse
It is the paralysis of all four limbs
Quadriplegia
Weakness or paralysis of the diaphragm may occur with lesion ______
at or above C4
Facial bones
Nasal
Orbital
Maxillary
Mandibular
Caused by a sudden force over the chest and abdomen; there is possible internal bleeding
Blunt trauma
Three layers of wound dressing:
Contact Layer
Absorbent layer
Outer Wrap
Pressure points to control hemorrhage are:
Temporal
Facial
Carotid
Subclavian
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar
Femoral
Palpable flattening of the cheek and loss of sensation below the orbit is indicative of _____
zygomatic (cheekbone) fracture
Tear in the skin; can be partial or full-thickness cut. Can be defined as incisional or jagged.
Laceration
Rhinorrhea and otorrhea are indicative of _____
CSF leak
If the patient needs to be intubated, it may be done _____
nasally
STI pts has a potential to develop _____, and may also present with other medical emergencies, so _____.
shock; activate EMS
Assessment of soft tissue injury
Visible open wounds
May show signs of shock due to blood loss
Wound is allowed to granulate on its own without surgical closure
Closure by Secondary Intent
Maintenance dose of Methylprednisolone
5.4mg/kg/hour infusion to be initiated 45 minutes later; continue infusion for 23 hours
As a general rule, irrigate with __________.
50ml/inch of wound/hour of age of wound
Traumatic cutting or tearing off of a finger, toe, arm or leg
Amputation
Hoffman’s sign
sensitivity: _____
specificity: _____
59%
49%
In MFT, examine mouth for ______
broken or missing teeth
Bleeding beneath the skin into the soft tissue
Contusion
Occurs when the skin is penetrated by a pointed object; can be penetrating or perforating
Puncture
These are injuries to the head frequently result in facial lacerations and fractures to the facial bones
Maxillofacial trauma
Trismus and mobility of the jaw are indicative of _____
maxillary fracture
A high dose steroid for CSI
Methylprednisolone
Patient returns in 3 to 4 days for definitive closure.
Closure by Secondary Intent with Delayed Closure
In MFT, assess eye for _____
Potential injury
Vision loss
Diplopia
Pain
Injury to the soft tissue
without a break in the skin: _____
with a break in the skin: _____
Closed wound
Open wound
Crepitus on palpation around nose is
indicative of _____
nasal fracture
Rhinorrhea and otorrhea are indicative of _____
CSF leak
Located between the site of injury and the heart where a main artery passes over a bone or underlying muscle.
Pressure points
These are injuries to the cervical spine due to crushing, stretching, and rotational shear forces exerted on the cord at the time of trauma that can produce severe neurologic deficits.
Cervical spine injury
Involves a tearing off or loss of a flap of the skin
Avulsion
Superficial loss of skin resulting from rubbing or scraping the skin over a rough or uneven surface
Abrasion
The wound is infiltrated with local anesthetic _____ through the wound margins or by regional nerve block.
intradermally
Hypotension and bradycardia accompanied by warm, dry skin are suggestive of
spinal shock
True or False: If there is CSF leak, instruct patient not to blow the nose, cough, or sneeze.
True
Due to inability to constrict peripheral blood vessels and conserve body heat
Hypothermia
_____ and _____ contribute
further to the loss of spinal cord function
Edema; cord swelling
It yields the fastest healing
Closure by Primary Intent
Well-defined pocket of blood and fluid beneath the skin
Hematoma
Paralysis of the upward gaze is indicative
of _____
inferior orbit fracture (blowout fracture)
Flicking of the middle finger induces the flexion of the ipsilateral thumb and index finger
Hoffman’s sign
Persistent erection of the penis
Priapism
Do not raise a limb if:
Fracture is suspected
Pain
Discomfort
Primary closure may be done with:
Sutures
Skin tapes
Staples
Tissue adhesive
Wound dressing
Contact layer: _____
Absorbent layer: _____
Outer wrap: _____
Nonabsorbent hydrophilic dressing
Surgical dressing pads
Rolled gauze and tape
