Burns Flashcards
A burn less than 10% usually requires ____.
minimal supplementation
It is the exposure of vein (jugular or great saphenous) to insert an IV cannula.
Venous Cutdown
Reduced vascular volume may lead to _____ if untreated.
Shock
Burns over this area also require special treatment as constant motion will make healing more complicated.
Example: backs of the knees
skin over joints
First, Second (S), Second (D), or Third Degree
Formation of eschar
Third Degree
First, Second (S), Second (D), or Third Degree
Not painful; inelastic
Third Degree
Body attempts to compensate for losses of plasma volume by:
- Constriction of blood vessels
- Withdrawal of fluid to undamaged extracellular space
- Patient is thirsty
It occurs during the 3rd –10th day.
Hyponatremia
Edema results for the first _____ hours peaking at ___ hours post burn.
24-36, 12
Major, Moderate, or Minor
Third degree burns on more than 10% BSA
Major Burns
First, Second (S), Second (D), or Third Degree
Wound moist and painful
Second Degree (Superficial)
Results from contact, ingestion or injection of acids, alkalis or vesicants that can cause tissue injury or necrosis
Chemical Burns
Day1: ½ of the computed fluid is given for the _____ post burn
first 8 hours
What do we observe when inspecting the oral cavity?
Blistering lips
Singed nasal hair
Soot in oropharynx
When administering Nalbuphine or Morphine, we should check first the ___.
Respiratory Rate
These may indicate intubation.
Stridor and Drooling
Burns may vary from ___ burns to ____ burns.
minor superficial, full thickness
An adult burn patient may require _____ calories per day
3000-5000
Parkland Formula for Day 2
SIDE DRIP: 0.5 mL colloid x weight (kg) x BSA (%)
MAIN LINE: 2000 mL of D5 Water (for 24 hours)
Arrange:
A. Rinse the burn in cool or cold water.
B. Have the person follow up with a health care provider.
C. Ensure that the source of the burn has been dealt with and the scene is safe.
D. Apply antibiotic or burn cream if no allergies exist.
E. Wear PPE and get the first aid kit.
F. Cover with a clean, dry non-stick dressing.
C. Ensure that the source of the burn has been dealt with and the scene is safe.
E. Wear PPE and get the first aid kit.
A. Rinse the burn in cool or cold water.
D. Apply antibiotic or burn cream if no allergies exist.
F. Cover with a clean, dry non-stick dressing.
B. Have the person follow up with a health care provider.
First, Second (S), Second (D), or Third Degree
Maybe yellowish but soft; elastic
Second Degree (Deep)
Type of feeding for 10-20% BSA
Oral Feedings
Injuries from flaming objects, flash, scald, or contact with hot objects
Thermal Burns
It is directly proportional to the extent and depth of burn injury.
Fluid Volume Deficit
It is the best way to put a fire out from the person.
Stop, Drop, & Roll
Results from coagulation necrosis cause by intense heat; it usually occurs after contact with faulty electrical wiring or high voltage power lines
Electrical Burns
Ineffective Breathing Pattern: _____
Impaired Gas Exchange: _____
Respiratory Rate
Oxygen Saturation
As fluid shift occurs and potassium is not replaced.
Hypokalemia
The stress ulcers secondary to systemic burns are known as ____. It includes gastric and duodenal ulcers.
Curling Ulcers
No blister appear, but white, brown, or black leathery tissue and thrombosed vessel are visible
Second Degree (Deep)
It is the primary metabolic fuel.
Glucose
Pain that may last up to 48 hours in first degree burns is relieved by ______
cooling
Major, Moderate, or Minor
Second degree burns on less than 10% in
child BSA
Minor Burns
When assessing for inhalation injury, we should listen for?
Hoarseness and Crackles
Type of feeding for 30% and above BSA
TPN Enteral Feedings
First, Second (S), Second (D), or Third Degree
Pink to red; slight edema which subsides quickly
First Degree
It is the outermost layer of epidermis, when it is damaged, severe systemic reaction from fluid losses occur.
Water Vapor Barrier
It results from RBC destruction.
Anemia
Due to an exposure to radioactive substance or from UV due to excessive exposure to sunlight (Sunburn)
Radiation Burns
What conditions are common in patients with deep muscle damage, in electrical burns that may lead to ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS.
Hematuria and Myoglobinuria
First, Second (S), Second (D), or Third Degree
Weeping and edematous, elastic vescles
Second Degree (Superficial)
If chemical entered the eye, flush with large amount of water or NSS for ___.
at least 30 minutes
Initial _____ due to hyperventilation; _____ due to pulmonary insufficiency.
Respiratory Alkalosis, Respiratory Acidosis
How much isotonic enteral tube feedings is started within 24 hours to maintain GI function?
5-10 mL/hr
Indications for Immediate IV Fluid Resuscitation:
18%-20% Adult BSA
12%-15% Child BSA
Electrical injuries
Major mediator of the hypermetabolic response to burn injury.
Catecholamine
Parkland Formula for Day 1
4 mL of PLR x weight (kg) x BSA (%)
First, Second (S), Second (D), or Third Degree
Reddened areas do not blanch with pressure
Third Degree
Type of feeding for 20-30% BSA
Enteral Feedings
Results when skin is rubbed harshly against a coarse surface
Friction or Abrasion Burns
A fatal dysrhythmia common in high voltage electrocution.
Ventricular Fibrillation
First, Second (S), Second (D), or Third Degree
Sensitive to cold
Second Degree (Deep)
Damage extends through deeply charred subcutaneous tissue, to muscles and tendons, and bones
Third Degree
A procedure using a special blade to slice off thin layers of damaged skin until live tissue is evidenced by capillary bleeding.
Tangential Excision
Capillary permeability starts to change in about ___, but protein in interstitial spaces may remain for _____ before returning to the vascular system.
48 hours, 5 days to 2 weeks
Major, Moderate, or Minor
Electrical burns
Major Burns
The _____ is the start of the counting of the first eight hours.
time of burn injury
First, Second (S), Second (D), or Third Degree
Sensitive to cold
Second Degree (Deep)
It occurs initially due to cell destruction.
Hyperkalemia
Major, Moderate, or Minor
Second degree burns on less than 15% of
adult BSA
Minor Burns
Occurs from a direct contact with any heat source, electricity, or certain chemicals.
Burn
Nursing diagnoses (Integumentary)
Impaired skin integrity
Acute pain
Risk for infection
Ineffective thermoregulation or Hypothermia
How many bacterial count as determined by wound biopsy indicates wound sepsis?
1,000,000 per gram of tissue
Lessened circulating blood volume resulting to ___ CO, then ___ HR.
decreased, increased
Major, Moderate, or Minor
Second degree burns on 15-25% of adult BSA
Moderate Burns
Abnormal inflammatory response after burn injury causes a decreased delivery of ___, ___, and ___to the injured area.
Antibiotics, WBC, Oxygen
Aside from Body Image Disturbance, what are the other nursing diagnoses for psychological changes in patients with burns.
Fear r/t prolong hospitalization
Ineffective coping
Hopelessness
How many percent is the genital area using the rule of nines?
1%
How many days do bacteria fully colonize a wound?
3-5 days
Example of a weak base
Sodium Bicarbonate
Major, Moderate, or Minor
Second degree burns on 10-20% child BSA
Moderate Burns
Decreased peristalsis and gastric distention are due to what kind of response?
SNS response
What are the signs and symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?
Headache
Visual changes
Confusion
Irritability
Nausea
Ataxia
Collapse
“Fever spikes” 38.8°C and above
Burn Fever
Causing erythema and pain
First Degree
Benefits of hydrotherapy (tubbing)
Facilitate cleansing and debridement of the burned area
Promotes daily assessment of BSA and ROM exercises
Producing blisters and mild-to-moderate edema and pain
Second Degree (Superficial)
What pain medication lowers blood pressure?
Tramadol
