Trauma Emergencies (Cardiac Tamponade, Abd. Injuries) Flashcards
If the test is positive, the patient is prepared for _____.
laparotomy
> 10mmHg drop in SBP occurring in inspiration
Pulsus Paradoxus
If pelvic fracture is suspected, don’t insert catheter until the integrity of _____ is ensured.
urethra
If _____ of blood is obtained or the fluid contains bile, feces, or particulate matter, the test is considered POSITIVE.
> 10mL
True or False: If there is an impaled object in the abdomen, remove it.
False; leave it there.
It is a life-threatening condition defined as major compression of all four chambers of the heart.
Cardiac Tamponade
It is what pain at the suspected point indicates and
absent or silent bowel sounds accompanies.
Peritoneal Irritation
Pain radiating to
left shoulder: _________
right shoulder: _________
Kehr’s sign
may be a sign of blood beneath the left diaphragm
can result from laceration of the liver
If no blood is present, a catheter is attached to the IV tubing: ______ of solution is infused.
500-1000mL
Alternating high and low voltage, with decrease amplitude of QRS complex and T wave abnormalities in ECG.
Electrical Alterans
The test is _____: if there is aspiration of free blood, bile, feces, or food particles, and presence of RBC, WBC, and amylase under microscopic exam.
positive
It accounts for the injuries hitting the visceral (hollow or solid) organs in the abdominal cavity.
Abdominal Injuries
Damage to:
hollow organ: _________
solid organ: _________
acute peritonitis leading to shock in few hours
lethal hemorrhage
A slight bluish discoloration around the navel, is a sign of _____.
Cullen’s sign; hemoperitoneum
Low BP
Distension of the jugular veins
Muffled or diminished heart sounds on auscultation
Beck’s Triad
_____ and _____ are indicative of significant intraabdominal injury.
Rebound tenderness; board like rigidity
It is the removal of excess fluid in the pericardial sac due to pericardial effusion secondary to trauma or other pathologic conditions.
Pericardiocentesis
Medical interventions for cardiac tamponade:
Pericardiocentesis
Open Heart Surgery
Fluids
Inotropic Drugs
A positive digital rectal exam with blood indicates trauma to the _____.
intestines
Equipment for peritoneal lavage:
Peritoneal dialysis tray
Peritoneal catheter
Sterile solution PLR
IV tubing and pole
Local anesthetic
Sterile gloves
Diagnostic for abdominal injury
FAST UTZ
(Focused Assessment on Sonography for Trauma)
Anatomically, the pericardial sac contains pericardial fluid of about _____, accumulation of _____ in the pericardial sac may cause cardiac tamponade.
50mL; 150mL - 1L
A slight bluish discoloration of the flank area, usually indicated injury to the _____ or _____.
Turner’s sign; pancreas or kidneys
Mechanism may cross the diaphragm and enter the chest.
Penetrating Abdominal Injury
Management goals for abdominal injuries:
Control bleeding
Maintain blood volume
Prevent infection
Loss of _____ upon percussion over liver and spleen indicates presence of free air; dullness over the abdomen which is normally _____ indicates presence of blood.
dullness; tympanic
Apply compression to external bleeding:
__________: penetrating injury
__________: evisceration
donut bandage
moist wet dressings
Diagnostics for cardiac tamponade:
Cardiac Catheterization
2D Echo
It is a technique of irrigation of the peritoneal cavity and examination of the irrigating fluid to evaluate the effects of trauma to the abdomen.
Peritoneal Lavage
The test is _____: if a clear fluid indicates lack of significant intraperitoneal bleeding.
negative
Insert IFC, monitor:
Hematuria
Oliguria
