Trauma Emergencies (Blast Injuries, Eye Injuries, & Near Drowning) Flashcards

1
Q

Injury from projectiles [bomb fragments, flying debris]

A

Secondary Blast Injuries

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2
Q

If eye is irritated due to dust or debris, _____.

A

flush with clean water

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3
Q

Aspiration (Wet Drowning) occurs in how many percent of victims?

A

85%

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4
Q

Assessment in eye injuries

A

Immediate pain
Vision changes
Redness
Visible foreign material in the eye

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5
Q

[Eye Injuries] Activate emergency response if with serious problems to prevent _____.

A

permanent vision loss

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6
Q

Changes in the character of lung surfactant result in exudation of protein rich plasma in the alveoli. Thus, increased permeability happens leading to pulmonary edema and hypoxemia.

A

Freshwater Aspiration

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7
Q

If with _____, protect both eyes with a
bandage or eye shield.

A

bleeding

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8
Q

The hypertonicity of sea water exerts an osmotic force, which pulls fluid from pulmonary capillaries into the alveoli. The resulting intrapulmonary shunt causes hypoxemia.

A

Saltwater Aspiration

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9
Q

Examples are penetrating trauma, fragmentation injuries, blunt trauma

A

Secondary Blast Injuries

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10
Q

The victim doesn’t aspirate fluid but suffers respiratory obstruction or asphyxia.

A

Dry Near Drowning

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11
Q

If with penetrating eye injury, cover the eyes with a _____ with sterile bandages around.

A

plastic glass

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12
Q

The victim suffers recurrence of respiratory distress (usually aspiration pneumonia or pulmonary edema) within minutes or 2 days after a near-drowning accident.

A

Secondary Near Drowning

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13
Q

It refers to the injuries sustained from a blast wave from high explosives that can cause multisystem trauma.

A

Blast Injuries

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14
Q

Examples are TM rupture, pulmonary damage and air embolization, hollow viscus injury

A

Primary Blast Injuries

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15
Q

Drug for acidosis

A

Sodium Bicarbonate

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16
Q

How many of the initial casualties do we expect to seek medical care over a one-hour period?

A

Half

17
Q

Injuries from displacement of victim by the blast wind

A

Tertiary Blast Injuries

18
Q

Laryngospasm (Dry Drowning) occurs in how many percent of victims?

A

15%

19
Q

Risk Factors for near drowning:

A

Hypothermia
Inability to swim
Diving accidents
Alcohol and drug ingestion
Exhaustion

20
Q

_____ and _____ are the primary
problems in the victims of near drowning

A

Hypoxemia; acidosis

21
Q

All other injuries from the blast

A

Quaternary Blast Injuries

22
Q

A near drowning victim’s ABG reveals:

A

Hypercarbia
Hypoxemia
Metabolic acidosis

23
Q

It refers to surviving, temporarily, at least the physiologic effects of decreased oxygen in blood (hypoxemia) and acidosis that result from submersion in fluid.

A

Near Drowning

24
Q

Injury from over-pressurization force [blast wave] impacting the body surface.

A

Primary Blast Injuries

25
Q

The victim aspirates fluid and suffers asphyxia or secondary changes due to fluid aspirations.

A

Wet Near Drowning

26
Q

In near drowning, ECG may show cardiac arrhythmias which are usually secondary to ____, ____ or ____.

A

hypothermia, acidosis, hypoxemia

27
Q

Can result from direct blow, foreign bodies, or inadvertent scratching.

A

Eye Injuries

28
Q

All bomb events have the potential for ___ and/or ___ contamination.

A

Chemical, Radiological

29
Q

What forces an individual to inhale leading to aspiration (wet drowning)?

A

Reflex Mechanism

30
Q

If _____, it should be flushed with copious amount of water.

A

chemical exposure to the eye

31
Q

Examples are blunt/penetrating trauma, fractures,
and traumatic amputations

A

Tertiary Blast Injuries

32
Q

Particulate matter such as sand or mud, chemical irritants, gastric contents that can be aspirated along with water may result in _____.

A

pneumonia

33
Q

Examples are crush injuries, burns, asphyxia, exacerbation of chronic illness

A

Quaternary Blast Injuries