Toxicologic Emergencies Flashcards
It occurs as a result of an extreme decrease in venous return from the vasodilation and lowered intravascular volume, which results in severe cardiorespiratory compromise.
Anaphylactic Shock
An example of a poisonous gas
Carbon Monoxide
A purgative/osmotic laxative that acts as a detoxifying antidote.
Sodium Sulfate
Small, brightly colored with short fangs and teeth behind them.
Coral Snakes
Both are disperse throughout the body and will wait for the next allergen exposure.
Mast cells and Basophils
A systemic reaction in insect stings which manifests anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reaction.
Cardiovascular collapse
Initial ____ followed by drowsiness.
Euphoria
It is the aspiration of the stomach contents and the washing out of the stomach by means of a gastric tube.
Gastric Lavage
If the patient is unconscious, he/she is intubated with a _____.
cuffed ET tube
Amount of return is ___ in the amount placed in the stomach.
greater than or equal (≥)
These are injected poisons that can produce either local or systemic reactions by an insect.
Insect Stings
Why should we not squeeze venom sac?
Because this may cause additional venom to be injected.
It contains large amount of histamine where antibodies attach themselves to its membrane.
Mast Cells
Pediatric dose for Ipecac Syrup
15mL followed by 8-16 oz of water
Box jellyfish is locally known as
Kwatro Kantos
May apply steroidal creams like
Hydrocortisone
They are associated with acute medical emergencies that ultimately involve compromise cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid reactions
Samples for toxicology screening:
Blood
Urine
Gastric contents
Adult dose for Ipecac Syrup
30mL PO followed by 2 glasses of water
Most important cause of symptoms of anaphylaxis.
Histamine
Identify the poison:
what, where, when, why, how much, who witnessed, and what time since ingestion
Treatment of choice for carbon monoxide poisoning.
Hyperbaric Chamber Oxygenation
Purposes of Gastric Lavage:
- To remove unabsorbed poison after poison ingestion.
- To diagnose and treat gastric hemorrhage and to arrest hemorrhage.
- To clean the stomach before endoscopic procedures.
- To remove liquid or small particles of material in the stomach.
Positioning to prevent aspiration of gastric contents.
on side with head down
Abnormal levels of carboxyhemoglobin
30-40%
Ask patient to avoid:
Exposure (camps picnic sites)
Going barefoot outdoors
Perfumes, scented soaps
Wearing bright colors
Series of bands in coral snakes.
Yellow, Red, Yellow, Black
Drugs for jellyfish sting
Epinephrine (SQ or IV)
Diphenhydramine or Chlorphenamine (IM or IV)
Bronchodilator for bronchospasms (hydrocortisone)
Antihypertensives and Antidysrhythmics.
Save the sample of the first ___ washings.
two (2)
A painful, potentially lethal condition caused by sting and envenomation from multiple jellyfish species.
Irukandji Syndrome
Most popular coral snake in the Philippines, blue/silver and black strands.
Walo-walo
It absorbs the poison on the surface of its particles and allows to pass with the stool.
Oral Activated Charcoal
____ per lavage, let it stay for ____ before draining
150-200 mL, 1 minute
These are injected poisons caused by jellyfish.
Jellyfish sting
Snakes with triangular heads, vertical pupils, indentations between the eyes and nostrils, and long fangs.
Pit Vipers
It is the rupture of mast cells.
Degranulation
[Gastric Lavage] Place the unconscious patient in a left lateral position with the head lowered (approx. ___ downward).
15⁰
It can produce immediate or delayed effects. It can be accidental or intentional.
Ingested Poison
These severe reactions can be either ___ mediated or ___ mediated in nature.
immune, chemically
Keep the patient calm and rest in a _____ position.
Recumbent
Goosebumps; arrector pili muscles contract and lift the hair follicles upright.
Piloerection
Tachycardia and hypertension due to the _____nature of the toxin.
hyperadrenergic
A toxicologic emergency because of envenomation from snakebites.
Snakebites
The initial exposure to the allergy-inducing agent (allergen) results in the formation of antibody called IgE or Immunoglobulin E, where the final exposure is called ____.
primary immune response
It can be because the patient is attempting suicide and locked himself inside a car with no ventilation and under the basement of a parking lot.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
After the procedure, the stomach may be left empty or be instilled with a _____.
saline cathartic
_____ is caused when the poison is caustic to the body (strong acid or strong alkali).
Immediate injury
Normal levels of carboxyhemoglobin
<12%
If mild, soak the skin in hot water.
43-45⁰C
[CO Poisoning] Observe patient closely for ___, ___, ___, and ___.
Psychosis
Spastic paralysis
Visual disturbances
Deterioration of personality
Lavage may be completed after how many liters?
2-5 liters
Severe envenomation leads to neurotoxicity with:
Respiratory paralysis
Shock
Coma
Death
It should feel _____, to be immersed until pain eases approximately ______.
hot, not scalding; 20-30 minutes
A life-threatening hypersensitivity or pseudoallergic reactions to exogenous agent.
Anaphylaxis
These are gas or chemicals that may produce variety of health problems.
Toxin and Poison Exposure
Most common insect sting
Bee sting
Severe pain, muscle cramping, hypertension, and potentially life-threatening cardiac complications resembles a
Catecholamine surge
ECG may reveal ____ and ____ ectopy.
atrial; ventricular
It is the process of passing blood through an extracorporeal circuit and cartridge containing an absorbent, after which the detoxifies blood is returned to the patient.
Hemoperfusion
What type of mask is used to provide 100% oxygen in managing CO Poisoning?
Tight Fitting Mask
