Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders Flashcards
Attachment disorders are prevalent in:
Children who have been severely neglected.
Clients with attachment disorders have what characteristics?
Lack of necessary, healthy emotional attachments
T/F: Attachment disorders are relatively rare.
True
What are two attachment disorders within the main disorder?
Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
What attachment disorder involved attachment insecurity, hyper vigilance, and behavior toward caregivers may vary?
Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)
What is Disinhibited Engagement Disorder?
Inability to form committed intimate social relationships, no preference for caregivers over strangers, excessive comfort seeking and inappropriate contact with strangers.
Counselor considerations for attachment disorders involved what?
- Assess prudently and rule out other disorders
- There is no universally screening assessment
- May be helpful to use a multimodel assessment strategy
- Interview primary caregivers
- Children should be directly observed interacting with their primary caregivers and interacting with strangers to assess behaviors
- Cultural factors
Essential elements of treatment for what disorder includes: Assessment for client safety, proper diagnosis, establishing a secure and nurturing environment, providing empirically-based parent training, addressing family systems issues, and providing therapy that extends into the natural environments of children and family.
Attachment Disorders
What is medication used for when treating clients with attachment disorders?
Co-occurring symptoms: explosive anger, insomnia, depression, anxiety or hyperactivity
Which trauma disorders are serious and debilitating reactions to trauma that endure over time and significantly impair functioning?
Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Results from exposure to trauma that presents threats of severe injury or death is a characteristic of what trauma disorders?
Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD
What are symptoms of ASD and PTSD?
Intrusion, avoidance, negative changes in cognition or mood, and altered states of arousal or reactivity. Can be specified as depersonalization or derealization.
T/F: Different people may experience the same type of traumatic event with different reactions to that event.
True
Concepts of what types of trauma have been proposed?
Developmental Trauma, Complex Trauma, or Complex Trauma Disorder
What must the counselor consider before the assessment begins with trauma patients?
Client safety, attend to cultural factors, and direct sensitivity toward the potential for clients to experience psychological and/or physiological arousal
Conducting an accurate assessment, working as a team (as appropriate) and providing a consistent and safe space with a nurturing relationship are counselor considerations for which trauma disorders?
ASD and PTSD
Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PET), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Stress Inoculation Training (SIT), Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR), Trauma-Focused CBT, Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Trauma in Schools (CBITS), Support for Students Exposed to Trauma (SSET), Trauma Recovery and Empowerment Model (TREM; M-TREM), Trauma Center-Trauma Sensitive Yoga (TC-TSY), Psychopharmacotherapy are all treatments for which trauma disorders?
ASD and PTSD
What medication is used for ASD and PTSD?
SSRIs in conjunction with therapy
T/F: There has been been medication identified to adequately treat PTSD symptoms.
False
What is the purpose of PET as a treatment for ASD and PTSD?
To help clients recall trauma and associated fears, develop new information about trauma and responses, and learn new coping strategies
What is the most effective of all CBT approaches?
Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PET)
Early intervention using what treatment for those with ASD with high risk of developing PTSD?
PET
What concepts are used when using PET as a treatment for ASD and PTSD?
- Confront feared event, identify and acknowledge fears
- Reevaluate negative cognitions about trauma and develop new perspectives
CPT is used to support what type of clients who have ASD and PTSD?
Civilian and Military clients
What is the purpose of CPT therapy when treatment clients with ASD and PTSD?
- Psychoeducation, exposure to traumatic memories through writing, reflection upon emotions and cognitions associated with trauma, challenge maladaptive thoughts and assumptions
- Examine irrational beliefs related to safety, trust, power, control, esteem, and intimacy
What are the phases of Stress Inoculation Training?
conceptualization, skills acquisition and rehearsal, and application
What population does SIT effectively help with?
Female victims of sexual assault
How many phases are part of EMDR?
8
What is EMDR?
Integrates exposure, cognition, relaxation, and guided eye movements to help clients learn to access, process, and resolve traumatic memories
TF-CBT has been shown to help treat what population?
Traumatized Children
What does TF-CBT integrate?
Trauma-sensitive interventions, CBT Techniques, humanistic principles and family involvement
Employment of cognitive behavioral approaches like psychoeducation, relaxation training, cognitive restricting, revisiting and processing trauma, and engaging in social problem solving is a characteristic of what treatment for ASD and PTSD?
CBITS (elementary and middle school students)
What treatment is a nonclinical adaption of CBITS for middle school treatments?
Support for Students Exposed to Trauma (SSET)
Trauma Recovery and Empowerment model is primarily used for what population?
women survivors of physical and sexual abuse; M-TREM is an adaption of the TREM for male trauma survivors
Group-based intervention that employs cognitive restructuring, psychoeducation, skill building, and the development of coping skills and support networks is a characteristic of what treatment for ASD/PTSD?
Trauma Recovery Empowerment Model (TREM; M-TREM)
Which treatment for ASD/PTSD encourages clients to be present in the moment, make intentional choices, take action, and establish personal rhythms?
Trauma Center-Trauma Sensitive Yoga (TC-TSY)
Adjustment Disorders include what as a result of an indefinable stressors?
Maladaptive emotional or behavior symptoms
Symtpoms for Adjustment disorder develop within ____ months and dissipate within ____ months after the stressor diminishes
3; 6
Six subtypes of what Trauma Disorder include: depressed mood, with anxiety, with mixed anxiety and depressed mood, with disturbance of conduct, with mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct, and unspecified.
Adjustment Disorder
T/F: When treatment Adjustment Disorders, symptoms impact clients’ lives but do not meet criteria for other diagnoses.
True
Substance use history should be considered by the counselor when seeing a client with what Trauma disorder?
Adjustment Disorder
Counselor considerations for what trauma disorder include:
• Education clients about the nature of these disorders and demonstrate confidence that the client’s functioning will be restored
• Normalizing and validating the client’s concerns can be empowering
• Encouragement of social supports can be a coping strategy
• Be attuned to signs of suicidal ideation
Adjustment Disorder
Treatments for Adjustment Disorder include what?
CBT, Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT), Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), Brief Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Psychopharmacotherapy
What are emerging treatments for Adjustment Disorder?
Mindfulness and computer-based interventions
T/F: Counseling is the modality of choice for adjustment disorders but medication can help reduce symptoms.
True
Which treatment for adjustment disorder seeks to enable the reduction or removal of the stressor, facilitate adjustment to stressor, and alter response to stressor
CBT
What is Interpersonal Psychoherapy?
- Time limited and systematic approach aimed at restoring control over mood and functioning
- Views problems from interpersonal perspective, explores alternative to dysfunctional patterns
- May be especially well suited for adjustment disorder with depressive symptoms
Characteristics of what treatment for adjustment disorders involves quickly identifying goals and plans of action, brief, goal oriented, and strengths-based, positive and optimistic emphasis to empower clients to become active in treatment and development solutions?
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
Clients who are vulnerable to maladaptive reactions to stressors related to underlying personality pathology may benefit from what?
More long-term psychodynamic treatment
T/F: Medication to treat adjustment disorders is used to treat co-occurring symptoms, but not the disorder itself.
True
