Substance Related and Addictive Disorders

Question 1

What are the DSM specifiers for Substance Abuse?

Answer 1

DSM-5 Severity Specifiers
• Mild: two to three diagnostic criteria met
• Moderate: four to five diagnostic criteria met
• Severe: six or more diagnostic criteria met

Question 2

What is Substance Use Disorder (SUD)?

Answer 2

SUDs as a “cluster of cognitive, behavioral,
and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related problems

Question 3

True or False there is clear etiology for development of SUD?

Answer 3

False: but you can use the Biopsychosocial model for help understand addiction

Question 4

What is the prevalence of Gambling addiction?

Answer 4

.5% of the US

Question 5

What is Gambling Disorder?

Answer 5

Pathological gambling includes a problematic pattern with the act of risking something with hope of gaining something of greater value, demonstrated the inability to abstain from gambling behavior, despite experiencing significant consequences

Question 6

How many with Gambling Disorder get help?

Answer 6

Only 1 in 10

Question 7

What are the counseling considerations in Gambling Disorder?

Answer 7

Huge potential for financial trouble
Shame
Cultural differences 
The real cost of gambling
Males are more likely than females
Stay away from stereotypes
Cuts across all socioeconomic circles

Question 8

Interventions for Gambling Disorder?

Answer 8

Gamblers Anonymous
Motivational Interviewing
Vivo Exposure Therapy

Question 9

Medication used for Gambling Disorder?

Answer 9

Naltrexone and nalmefene have demonstrated efficacy in supporting abstinence for those with chronic gambling conditions

Question 10

Prognosis for Gambling Disorder?

Answer 10

Relapse rates are 90% after first year of treatment, Increased risk of suicide, It is a chronic relapse disorder

Question 11

What is Alcohol Related SUD?

Answer 11

Alcohol use disorder is defined by a cluster of behavioral and physical symptoms, which can include
withdrawal, tolerance, and craving

Question 12

What is the prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorder?

Answer 12

8% US, 3.6% of the World
Lower in African Region
Higher in American Region
Males higher than females

Question 13

What is the chemical in alcohol that causes the effects?

Answer 13

Ethanol

Question 14

What are counselor considerations of Alcohol Use Disorder?

Answer 14

Understand withdrawal symptoms and process
co-occurring mental health issues
avoid countertransference reactions
Understand the 4 phase medical model of alcohol disease progression

Question 15

What are withdrawal symptoms of alcohol?

Answer 15

Alcohol-withdrawal symptoms can be grouped into three main categories: central nervous system excitation (e.g., restlessness, agitation, seizures), excessive function of the autonomic nervous system (e.g., nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, tremulousness, hypertension), and cognitive dysfunction

Question 16

What are the four stages of the medical model in Alcohol use disorder? pg 246-247 definitions

Answer 16

Pre-alcoholic-
prodromal
Crucial
Chronic

Question 17

Interventions for Alcohol Use Disorder

Answer 17

Medical Detoxification
Residential Treatment
Outpatient-Based Treatments
Motivational Enhancement Therapy with MI
CBT
Twelve Step Program
Family Therapy
Behavioral Self-Control Training (BSCT)

Question 18

Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder

Answer 18

Benzodiazepines for withdrawals
Long term meds:
Disulfiram
Acamprosate
Naltrexone
NOT APPROVED FOR YOUTH

Question 19

What is the prognosis for Alcohol Use Disorder?

Answer 19

Alcohol is a neurotoxin and repeated use can result in damage to numerous organ systems, A small percentage of those who are alcohol dependent may be able to return to some form of con-trolled drinking; however, long-term research has suggested that such people are likely to eventually return to problematic alcohol use, and total abstinence from alcohol use is the best treatment strategy

Question 20

What is drug use disorder? Starts pg 253

Answer 20

Look at the chart for types

Question 21

Cannabis related disorder notes:

Answer 21

8% of the U.S. population age 12 and older report using marijuana in the previous 30 day
The negative effects of cannabis use include decreased lung capacity, lowered testosterone levels, and decreased muscle capacity

Question 22

Opioid-Related Disorder Notes:

Answer 22

n 2015, there were 329,000 persons age 12 or older who reported current heroin use, and 3.8 million people who reported current misuse of opioid pain medications
Opioids fall into three broad classes: (1) natural opiates, (2) semisynthetic opioids, and (3) synthetic opioids.
withdrawal pattern for opioids can often include nausea, vomiting, chills, and body aches
other related-risk factors (e.g., prostitution and criminal behavior

Question 23

Stimulant Related Disorders

Answer 23

Stimulants usually produce feelings of well-being and euphoria.
negative symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, paranoia). sinusitis, nasal irritation, nosebleeds, or a perforated nasal septum
Cocaine can be used via intranasal means, itravenously, or smoked

Question 24

Tobacco Related Disorders

Answer 24

United States, with smoking-related diseases claiming more than 440,000 lives annually. Epidemiological data suggest that more than 70% of all adult smokers would like to quit
Cessation of tobacco is accompanied by a common withdrawal syndrome, which may include head-aches, nausea, sleep issues, and irritability. Research suggests a strong relationship between tobacco use and other mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, other drug use disorders, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder

Question 25

Counselor Considerations for Substance Use Disorders

Answer 25

most abuse multiple substances at once
50% to 80% of clients experiencing co-occurring disorders
use integrated case management services
PTSD is prevalent among adults with SUDS
Physical health concerns also a contributes to SUDS
Cannabis, the world’s most commonly used illicit substance, is frequently among the first drugs of
experimentation for all cultural groups in the United States

Question 26

Treatment interventions for Drug Use Disorders

Answer 26

Twelve Step Program

Psychopharmacotherapy and Med assisted Treatment- Methadone clinics, Nicotine replacement therapy

Question 27

Prognosis of Drug Use Disorder

Answer 27

Better with Family support, based on individual drive: motivation, no legal involvement, Less mental disorders and treatment
However sensitive to life crisises