Substance Related and Addictive Disorders Flashcards
What are the DSM specifiers for Substance Abuse?
DSM-5 Severity Specifiers
• Mild: two to three diagnostic criteria met
• Moderate: four to five diagnostic criteria met
• Severe: six or more diagnostic criteria met
What is Substance Use Disorder (SUD)?
SUDs as a “cluster of cognitive, behavioral,
and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related problems
True or False there is clear etiology for development of SUD?
False: but you can use the Biopsychosocial model for help understand addiction
What is the prevalence of Gambling addiction?
.5% of the US
What is Gambling Disorder?
Pathological gambling includes a problematic pattern with the act of risking something with hope of gaining something of greater value, demonstrated the inability to abstain from gambling behavior, despite experiencing significant consequences
How many with Gambling Disorder get help?
Only 1 in 10
What are the counseling considerations in Gambling Disorder?
Huge potential for financial trouble Shame Cultural differences The real cost of gambling Males are more likely than females Stay away from stereotypes Cuts across all socioeconomic circles
Interventions for Gambling Disorder?
Gamblers Anonymous
Motivational Interviewing
Vivo Exposure Therapy
Medication used for Gambling Disorder?
Naltrexone and nalmefene have demonstrated efficacy in supporting abstinence for those with chronic gambling conditions
Prognosis for Gambling Disorder?
Relapse rates are 90% after first year of treatment, Increased risk of suicide, It is a chronic relapse disorder
What is Alcohol Related SUD?
Alcohol use disorder is defined by a cluster of behavioral and physical symptoms, which can include
withdrawal, tolerance, and craving
What is the prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorder?
8% US, 3.6% of the World
Lower in African Region
Higher in American Region
Males higher than females
What is the chemical in alcohol that causes the effects?
Ethanol
What are counselor considerations of Alcohol Use Disorder?
Understand withdrawal symptoms and process
co-occurring mental health issues
avoid countertransference reactions
Understand the 4 phase medical model of alcohol disease progression
What are withdrawal symptoms of alcohol?
Alcohol-withdrawal symptoms can be grouped into three main categories: central nervous system excitation (e.g., restlessness, agitation, seizures), excessive function of the autonomic nervous system (e.g., nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, tremulousness, hypertension), and cognitive dysfunction
What are the four stages of the medical model in Alcohol use disorder? pg 246-247 definitions
Pre-alcoholic-
prodromal
Crucial
Chronic
Interventions for Alcohol Use Disorder
Medical Detoxification Residential Treatment Outpatient-Based Treatments Motivational Enhancement Therapy with MI CBT Twelve Step Program Family Therapy Behavioral Self-Control Training (BSCT)
Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder
Benzodiazepines for withdrawals Long term meds: Disulfiram Acamprosate Naltrexone NOT APPROVED FOR YOUTH
What is the prognosis for Alcohol Use Disorder?
Alcohol is a neurotoxin and repeated use can result in damage to numerous organ systems, A small percentage of those who are alcohol dependent may be able to return to some form of con-trolled drinking; however, long-term research has suggested that such people are likely to eventually return to problematic alcohol use, and total abstinence from alcohol use is the best treatment strategy
What is drug use disorder? Starts pg 253
Look at the chart for types
Cannabis related disorder notes:
8% of the U.S. population age 12 and older report using marijuana in the previous 30 day
The negative effects of cannabis use include decreased lung capacity, lowered testosterone levels, and decreased muscle capacity
Opioid-Related Disorder Notes:
n 2015, there were 329,000 persons age 12 or older who reported current heroin use, and 3.8 million people who reported current misuse of opioid pain medications
Opioids fall into three broad classes: (1) natural opiates, (2) semisynthetic opioids, and (3) synthetic opioids.
withdrawal pattern for opioids can often include nausea, vomiting, chills, and body aches
other related-risk factors (e.g., prostitution and criminal behavior
Stimulant Related Disorders
Stimulants usually produce feelings of well-being and euphoria. negative symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, paranoia). sinusitis, nasal irritation, nosebleeds, or a perforated nasal septum Cocaine can be used via intranasal means, itravenously, or smoked
Tobacco Related Disorders
United States, with smoking-related diseases claiming more than 440,000 lives annually. Epidemiological data suggest that more than 70% of all adult smokers would like to quit
Cessation of tobacco is accompanied by a common withdrawal syndrome, which may include head-aches, nausea, sleep issues, and irritability. Research suggests a strong relationship between tobacco use and other mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, other drug use disorders, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder
Counselor Considerations for Substance Use Disorders
most abuse multiple substances at once
50% to 80% of clients experiencing co-occurring disorders
use integrated case management services
PTSD is prevalent among adults with SUDS
Physical health concerns also a contributes to SUDS
Cannabis, the world’s most commonly used illicit substance, is frequently among the first drugs of
experimentation for all cultural groups in the United States
Treatment interventions for Drug Use Disorders
Twelve Step Program
Psychopharmacotherapy and Med assisted Treatment- Methadone clinics, Nicotine replacement therapy
Prognosis of Drug Use Disorder
Better with Family support, based on individual drive: motivation, no legal involvement, Less mental disorders and treatment
However sensitive to life crisises
