Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
What disorder involves recurrent and unexpected panic attacks that consist of physical symptoms?
Panic Disorder
A person with Panic Disorder worries about what?
Future attacks, implication o the attack and significant behavior change (avoidance)
What does a person experience when having Panic Disorder?
Thoughts and patterns that escalate panic symptoms
What percent of the population has a Panic Disorder?
7%
Panic Disorder is more prominent in women or men?
Twice as common in women (7%)
Men 3%
Counselor Considerations for working with Panic Disorder clients.
- Provide reassurance that reactions are normal; counseling is a successful treatment option.
- Create a warm and supportive environment.
- Evaluate contextual factors, frequency, severity, and subjective experience of the attacks.
- Assess for comorbid conditions and cultural variations.
- Provide education
- Be aware of negative life events, coping skills, and overall impairment in functioning
Treatments for Panic Disorders
CBT, Panic Control Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Exercise, Psychopharmacotherapy
How can CBT be used as a treatment for Panic Disorders?
It can challenge and replace distorted and dysfunctional thoughts.
How can Panic Control Therapy (PCT) be used as a treatment for Panic Disorders?
- Cognitive behavioral approach
- Self-induced panic attacks to help clients realize their worse fears won’t occur (death, losing control, etc.)
- Cognitive restructuring and breathing retraining.
How can Acceptance and Commitment Therapy be used as a treatment for Panic Disorders?
- Cognitive behavioral approach
- Incorporates acceptances, mindfulness, and behavior-change strategies
How can Exercise be used as a treatment for Panic Disorders?
Impacts clients’ perceptions of their physiological sensations by altering their level of association with symptoms and diminish their fear of the attacks.
How can Psychopharmacotherapy be used as a treatment for Panic Disorders?
SSRI’s and Benzodiazepines alter serotonin levels and aid cell communication in the brain.
Which disorder involves persistent and unreasonable fears in response to the presence or anticipation of a particular object, event, or situation?
Specific Phobia
What does someone with Specific Phobia avoid?
Particular situations or endure with significant distress; anxiety related to proximity to object and ability to escape.
What does Specific Phobia resemble?
Panic disorder, OCD, PTSD, and illness anxiety disorder
What percent of the population is affected by Specific Phobia?
8% (lower rates in older adults)
Specific Phobia is more likely in males or females?
Females (2x as likely)
List the counselor considerations for treatment clients with Specific Phobia.
- Utilize charting or journaling
- Work with other professionals when working with children
- Understand factors that may complicate treatment (e.g., antecedents to fear, comorbid disorders)
- Continuously and adequately assess for suicidality.
- Be accepting, supportive, and calm.
Name the treatments used for Specific Phobia.
Exposure Therapy (In Vivo) and Psychopharmacotherapy
How can Exposure Therapy be used as a treatment for Specific Phobia?
- Clients confront fears from least to most feared and realize they can tolerate the anxiety which is not as distressing.
- Works best when occurring frequently and duration is long enough to decrease anxiety.
What is the most effective and powerful treatment for Specific Phobia?
Exposure Therapy
Which disorder involves avoidance, or endurance with extreme distress, or situations from which escape may be difficult or embarrassing, or those in which help may be unavailable if a panic attack or panic-like symptoms should occur?
Agoraphobia.
What can a person with Agoraphobia feel like?
Trapped, helpless, or embarrassed
Agoraphobia does not require what to be present?
Panic Attacks
What is common in individuals with Agoraphobia?
Substance abuse problems to self-medicate.
What percentage of adults suffer from Agoraphobia?
2% adults
Agoraphobia is more likely in males or females?
Females (2x more likely)
List the counselor considerations for treatment clients with Agoraphobia.
- Facilitate a warm and supportive environment.
- Outline and educate client on expectations for treatment.
- Thoroughly evaluate contextual factors, frequency, severity, and subjective experience of the feared situations.
- Be accepting and supportive while encouraging clients’ ability to tolerate distressing experiences.
- Ensure safety when engaging in situational exposure interventions.
- Tailor treatment to the specific needs of the client
Name the treatments for Agoraphobia.
In Vivo Exposure, Cognitive Therapy/CBT (combined with In Vivo), and Flooding
Which is the most evidence-based treatment approach for Agoraphobia?
In Vivo Exposure
Explain In Vivo Exposure therapy as it relates to Agoraphobia.
Implemented in behavioral or CBT-Hierarchies of avoided situations are developed; using coping strategies, clients are encouraged to enter and remain in these situations until anxiety diminishes.
Explain Cognitive Therapy/CBT therapy as it relates to Agoraphobia.
Typically used with situational in vivo exposure to identify and challenge misassumptions.
Explain Flooding as it relates to Agoraphobia.
More prolonged exposure to feared stimuli that involves fewer sessions and longer exposure.
T/F: Psychopharmacotherapy has been proven to be more effective than exposure and cognitive therapy in treating Agoraphobia.
False- it can be counterproductive.
Which anxiety disorder is one of the most prevalent and is the 4th most common of all mental disorders?
Social Anxiety Disorder
Explain Social Anxiety Disorder.
Intense anxiety and excessive self-consciousness in social situations along with extreme and chronic fear of being scrutinized and judged by others.
What does a client exhibit when diagnosed with Social Anxiety Disorder?
Highly inhibited, rigid, and difficult to articulate points and positions in conversations with others.
What is the prevalence in the adult population and who is more affected by Social Anxiety: males or females?
7% prevalence and women affected more than men.
A counselor consideration for what anxiety disorder is to recognize that people with this disorder have generally established a pervasive pattern of avoidant behaviors, which is different than shyness.
Social Anxiety Disorder
T/F: building trust and rapport throughout the treatment may be slow with clients who have Social Anxiety.
True
What are the treatments for Social Anxiety?
CBT, Social Effectiveness Therapy, Relaxation Training, Exposure-Based Interventions, Group CBT, Psychopharmacotherapy
How can CBT help clients with Social Anxiety?
It can help clients identify and change catastrophic thinking patterns about being negatively scrutinized by others and feeling embarrassed by performing inadequacy.
How can Social Effectiveness Therapy help clients with social anxiety?
Teaches those with social skills deficits how to initiate, maintain and broaden the range of their interpersonal interactions.
How can relaxation training help clients with social anxiety?
It is rooted in behavior therapy and includes any technique or process that helps the client reduce anxiety.
Which treatment for Social Anxiety is rooted in the behavioral component of CBT; methods include decreasing the avoidance behaviors by encouraging clients to engage and remain in anxiety-provoking social situation; integrates mindfulness, acceptance and values?
Exposure-Based Interventions
Which treatment for Social Anxiety is a 12 session treatment that incorporates cognitive restructuring and exposure to feared situations through group therapy?
Group CBT
What medication have demonstrated effectiveness and are usually the first medications approved by the FDA for Social Anxiety Disorder treatment?
SSRIs, SNRIs, and Benzodiazepines
Intense fear and worry related to leaving home or being removed from primary attachment figures is a characteristic for which anxiety disorder?
Separation Anxiety Disorder
What leads to worry about the figures’ whereabouts, a longing to be reunited and often reunion fantasies?
Separation
Individuals with this anxiety disorder have a reluctance to go places, be left alone, or to go to sleep without attachment figures close to them.
Separation Anxiety
What is the prevalence of separation anxiety in the US population?
.9-1.9% adults and 4% of children
Females more likely than males.
Client considerations for what anxiety disorder may include asking children about the nature of their concerns.
Separation Anxiety Disorder
What are the treatments for separation anxiety?
CBT- Coping Cat for ages 7-13 years old
What does FEAR stand for as a treatment for Separation Anxiety?
F: feeling frightened? Physiological responses to anxiety
E: expect bad things to happen? Identify anxious thoughts
A: Attitudes/actions that can help: Relaxation, helpful thoughts, problem solving
R: Results & rewards: Evaluate performance
What anxiety disorder involves excessive worry about activities and situations that revolve around every day life?
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
What three realms does someone with GAD have difficulty in?
Cognitive, physical, and emotional
What is the prevalence of GAD in the adult population?
3%
Counselor considerations for what anxiety disorder include: creating a warm environment, consider cultural factors, assume a collaborative stance, thoroughly evaluate contextual factorsC frequency, severity and subjective experience, and involve supporting others.
GAD
Treatments for GAD include what?
CBT: Borkovec’s Cognitive Avoidance Model (CAM) and Intolerance of Uncertainty Model (IUM)
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
Anti anxiety medications including SSRIs, SNRIs, Benzodiazepines, and Buspirone
What anxiety disorder is considered rare and involves consistent failure to speak in social situations when expected, failure is not due to a communication disorder, and communicates in gestures.
Selective Mutism
What anxiety disorder usually occurs before age 5?
Selective Mutism
What is the prevalence of selective mutism?
.47-76% of the population
Where is the most common context where selective mutism symptoms are displayed?
School
Counselor interventions for what anxiety disorder involves considering behavior variations in assessment and treatment, understanding how the child operates in all areas, and evaluating the client in area where speech is not as lacking.
Selective Mutism
Treatment goals for selective mutism include what?
Focusing on all settings where lack of expected speech occurs and incorporate the help of prominent members
Interventions are directed at the family in what anxiety disorder?
Selective Mutism
Treatment for Selective Mutism include:
Behavior therapy, modular CBT, Play Therapy, Music therapy, and SSRIs (not approved by FDA)
