Depression Disorders

Question 1

What is the lifetime prevalence of MDD?

Answer 1

16%

Question 2

Is MDD more prevalent in men or women?

Answer 2

Women

Question 3

What is MDD prevalence in adolescents?

Answer 3

12% 12-17 year old diagnosed a year

Question 4

What is a MDD episode?

Answer 4

a period of at least 2 weeks of depressed mood, or loss of interest or pleasure, accompanied by a t least 4 other symptoms that result in clinically significant distress or impaired functioning

Question 5

What are the additional symptoms in MDD?

Answer 5

appetite or weight, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor retardation or agitation, fatigue or loss of energy, feeling worthless or experiencing excessive guilt, difficulty concentrating or indecisiveness, recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or suicide attempts

Question 6

What are some causes of MDD?

Answer 6

biopsychosocial vulnerabilities, psychological stressors (loss of job, divorce), bereavement

Question 7

Signs of Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 7

apathetic, flat affect, withdraw, hopelessness, sadness, irritability

Question 8

What are some somatic MDD symptoms?

Answer 8

fatigue or irritability, aches and pains, decreased libido, restlessness, agitation or (conversely) feeling slowed down, or having difficulty concentrating

Question 9

What are some different presentations in children and adolescents with

Answer 9

changes in school performance and the desire to attend school, withdrawing from social activities and peers, behavioral changes (e.g., in sleep, eating, aggression), and substance use and abuse.
sensitivity to rejection, self-deprecatory ideation, difficulty concentrating, physical complaints (i.e., headaches, stomachaches), reduced ability to function in school, vocal and crying out-bursts, and lower energy level

Question 10

True or False: Special care must be taken to understand the individual’s cultural definition of depression and the differentiating cultural models of conceptualizing depression

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What are some diagnostic specifiers in the DSM for MDD?

Answer 11

Recurrence (single or multiple), severity of symptoms (mild, moderate, severe), current clinical status (psychotic features) and features of the most current episode (catatonic, melancholic, atypical, Peripartum)?

Question 12

Comorbidity of _______and _______ are a particular problem and have cooccurrence rates of 24% of men and 45% men?

Answer 12

Depression and Alcohol

Question 13

What are some other comorbidity disorders of MDD: psychological and medically

Answer 13

Substance use, panic attacks, Obsessive compulsive, eating disorders and borderline personality disorder, diabetes, heart attacks, cancers, and strokes

Question 14

As a counselor why is it so important to possess a solid knowledge of assessment and diagnosis with patients with a possible diagnosis of MDD?

Answer 14

Riske of completed suicide in this population

Question 15

True or False: You can easily see this population without any outside guidance?

Answer 15

False: It is important to work with a wide range of specialists especially with the prevalence of comorbidities. Active engagement and education are key

Question 16

What are typical assessments used with MDD

Answer 16

Becks Depression Inventory
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
Children’s Depression Inventory

Question 17

True or False: MDD is the most common mental disorder in the US?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Which is the best answer: The best treatment for MDD is : Psychotherapy alone, Medication alone or Psychotherapy and Medication in combination?

Answer 18

Psychotherapy and Medication together is the best

Question 19

What are some Intervention for MDD?

Answer 19

CBT- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
MBCT- Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy
BAT- Behavioral Activation Therapy
IPT-Interpersonal Psychotherapy

Question 20

What are adjunct therapies for MDD?

Answer 20

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Bright Light Therapy
Neurofeedback
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Question 21

What is the main drug prescribed for MDD?

Answer 21

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; e.g., Paxil, Prozac, Zoloft, Luvox, Lexapro)

Question 22

What are some drugs for MDD?

Answer 22

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; e.g., Paxil, Prozac, Zoloft, Luvox, Lexapro)
• Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs; e.g., Elavil, Norpramin)
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs; e.g., Marplan, Nardil)
• Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs; e.g., Wellbutrin)
• Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs; e.g., Cymbalta, Effexor)
• Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs; e.g., Serzone)
• Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists (e.g., Remeron)

Question 23

What are some side effects of anti depressants?

Answer 23

Main: nausea, weight gain, loss of sexual desire, constipation, dizziness
Others: dry mouth, sedation, decreased blood pressure

Question 24

What is the “black box label” about?

Answer 24

consistently evaluate suicidal ideation, especially with youth who are depressed and taking antidepressant medication, as increased suicidality is a possibility

Question 25

What do you call depression that doesn’t respond to antidepressant medications?

Answer 25

Treatment resistant depression

Question 26

What is the prognosis for those with MDD?

Answer 26

The prognosis for those with MDD is good; approximately two-thirds of people who experience a major depressive episode will experience a remission of symptoms within a year - untreated depression can lead to high risks for more episodes down the line

Question 27

True or false: The severity of a first episode of depression may predict its future course?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What makes a person higher risk for MDD?

Answer 28

Chronic medical conditions
substance dependence: cocaine and alcohol
First degree family members of those with MDD