Other Mood Disorders

Question 1

What is Persistent Depressive Disorder?

Answer 1

PDD is characterized by the persistence of chronic depressive symptoms and functional impairment
(APA, 2013). Those with PDD have chronic depression almost daily for at least 2 years

Question 2

What is the prevalence of PDD?

Answer 2

.5% with women being twice as likely

Question 3

What are some symptoms of PDD?- pg 109

Answer 3

sleep disturbance issues (e.g., insomnia or hypersomnia), low energy or fatigue, low self-esteem, poor appetite or overeating, poor concentration or indecisiveness, and feelings of hopelessness.

Question 4

What are counselor considerations with PDD?

Answer 4

It is critical that counselors do not further pathologize or dismiss clients who may appear self-absorbed, negative, or apathetic. In fact, taking care in establishing the therapeutic alliance and socializing the client to the treatment approach may hold extraordinary importance for those with PDD.
Also critical to constantly monitor suicide risk

Question 5

What are treatment interventions for PDD?

Answer 5

CBT
MBCT
BAT
IPT
- All same as MDD
Antidepressant medications

Question 6

What is the prognosis of PDD?

Answer 6

Best when combined Medication and Psychotherapy

Question 7

What is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)?

Answer 7

diagnosis of PMDD is reserved for girls and women from menarche up until menopause who
meet the criteria for a significant mood disturbance and impairment in functioning not to be confused with PMS

Question 8

What is the prevalence for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?

Answer 8

2-8% of the 20-80% that have PMS will be diagnosed with PMDD

Question 9

What are symptoms of PMDD?

Answer 9

Include sadness, anxiety, mood or emotional lability with tearfulness, and/or persistent irritability. Additional symptoms may include decreased interest in usual activities, difficulty concentrating, lack of energy, marked changes in appetite, changes in sleep, feeling overwhelmed, and physical discomfort such as breast tenderness, headaches, or bloating, and even suicidal ideation- All at a severe level

Question 10

Counselor considerations with PMDD

Answer 10

be aware of stereotypes and stigmas around menstruation
severe trauma and stress can be linked to PMDD
Family support and social support is needed
Use a collaborative treatment approach

Question 11

What are treatment interventions for PMDD?

Answer 11

CBT
Psychoeducation
Psychopharmacotherapy- Low doses of SSRI and hormone treatments

Question 12

What is the prognosis for PMDD?

Answer 12

Positive prognosis with proper interventions and support

Question 13

What is Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)?

Answer 13

applies to children with chronically unstable moods, heightened irritability, and intense and disruptive behaviors (e.g., verbal outbursts, temper tantrums, or physical aggression three or more times in a given week over a 12-month period in at least two of the following settings: home, school, and with peers;

Question 14

What is the age of diagnosis for DMDD?

Answer 14

Between the ages of 6-18

Question 15

True or False: Children with DMDD are happy when they are not acting out?

Answer 15

False, Children with DMDD often are perceived as irritable, angry or sad

Question 16

What is the prevalence of DMDD?

Answer 16

.8-3.3% of youth

Question 17

What is DMDD usually in conjunction with?

Answer 17

ADHD, Mood disorders and Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Question 18

What symptoms of DMDD?

Answer 18

Poor social judgment and decision making skills
Acting out verbally and aggressively
Excessive temper tantrums
Destruction of Property

Question 19

What is the diagnosis difference between DMDD and Intermittent Explosive Disorder?

Answer 19

Intermittent explosive disorder and DMDD differ in frequency of outbursts :twice a week for 3 months for intermittent explosive disorder; three times a week for 1 year for DMDD

Question 20

What is the difference between ODD and DMDD?

Answer 20

DMDD and oppositional defiant disorder criteria include irritability and temper outbursts, but the differences between the two disorders are severity (outbursts must occur three times a week in DMDD but only once a week in oppositional defiant disorder), duration (the required duration is 12 months for DMDD and 6 months for oppositional defiant disorder), and pervasiveness and impairment (in DMDD, function must be impaired in two of three settings, and it must be severe in one setting; oppositional defiant disorder has no such requirement

Question 21

Counselor considerations in DMDD

Answer 21

Be prepared to treat multiple diagnosis
work with multiple systems: school, parents, agencies
Monitor your own personal reactions to the children
Therapeutic alliance is essential in this population: Trust and hope lead to better outcomes

Question 22

Treatment interventions for DMDD

Answer 22

Parent Management Training (PMT)
Operant Conditioning Interventions pg 117
CBT
Problem Solving Skills Training (PSST)

Question 23

What medications are used for DMDD

Answer 23

Antipsychotic and mood-stabilizing medications are the most commonly used pharmacological interventions for treating DMDD

Question 24

What is the prognosis of DMDD?

Answer 24

Some outgrow DMDD others however, more likely to develop depression, bipolar, or anxiety disorders in adulthood, and they may experience adverse outcomes