Trauma and stress related disorders Flashcards
Traumatic events
exposure to actual or threatened harm or fear of death or injury and are considered uncommon or extreme stressors
Stressful events
typically more common and less extreme than traumatic events
Child maltreatment
generic term that refers to four primary acts: physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and psychological abuse/emotional abuse
Psychological abuse
repeated actions or omissions by the parents or caregivers that have caused or could cause, serious behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or metal disorders
Allostatic load
concept used to describe this progressive “wear and tear” on biological systems due to the effects of chronic stress
Physical Neglect
includes refusal or delay in seeking health care, expulsion from the home, abandonment, and inadequate supervision
Educational neglect
involves actions such as allowing chronic truancy, failing to enroll a child in school who is of mandatory age, and failing to attend child’s special educational needs
Emotional neglect
one of the most difficult categories to define, includes actions such as marked in attention to the childs needs for affection, refusal or failure to provide needed psychological care, spousal abuse in the childs presence, and permission for drug or alcohol use by the child.
Sexual abuse
includes fondling a child’s genitals, intercourse with the child, incest, rape, sodomy, exhibitionism, and commercial exploitation through prostitution or the production of pornographic materials
Disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED)
another possible outcome of social neglect
- child shows pattern of overly familiar and culturally inappropriate behavior with relative strangers
Reactive attachement disorder (RAD)
characterized by a pattern of disturbed and developmentally inappropriate attachment behaviors.
- child displays fear and avoidance
- no consistent effort to seek comfort or nurturance from their caregiver and they fail to respond to caregivers efforts to comfort
- rarely express positive emotion when interacting with caregiver
Acute stress disorder
development during or within 1 month after exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor of at least nice symptoms associated with intrusion, negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, and arousal.
- similar symptoms to PTSD but last for 1 month or less
Adjustment disorder
children or adults who react to more common forms of stress in an unusual or disproportionate manner
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
display persistent anxiety following an overwhelming traumatic event that occurs outside the range of usual human experience
Cycle-of-violence hypothesis
The relationship between being abused as a child and becoming abusive toward others as an adult
Emotion regulation
the ability to modulate or control the intensity and expression of feelings and impulses, especially intense ones, in an adaptive manner
Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT)
the most widely studied and supported form of exposure therapy for childhood trauma or stress
Relational disorders
physical abuse and neglect are considered this
Complex trauma
manifests as problems with attachment to others, emotion regulation, dissociation, behavior problems, and distorted self concept
Expectable environment
requires protective and nurturing adults, as well as opportunities for socialization within a culture
Dissociation
in reaction to emotional and physical pain form abusive experiences, children or adults voluntarily or involuntarily may induce an altered state of consciousness
Information-processing disturbances
cause maltreating parents to misperceive or mislabel typical child behavior in ways that lead to inappropriate responses and increased aggression
