Trauma and stress related disorders

Question 1

Traumatic events

Answer 1

exposure to actual or threatened harm or fear of death or injury and are considered uncommon or extreme stressors

Question 2

Stressful events

Answer 2

typically more common and less extreme than traumatic events

Question 3

Child maltreatment

Answer 3

generic term that refers to four primary acts: physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and psychological abuse/emotional abuse

Question 4

Psychological abuse

Answer 4

repeated actions or omissions by the parents or caregivers that have caused or could cause, serious behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or metal disorders

Question 5

Allostatic load

Answer 5

concept used to describe this progressive “wear and tear” on biological systems due to the effects of chronic stress

Question 6

Physical Neglect

Answer 6

includes refusal or delay in seeking health care, expulsion from the home, abandonment, and inadequate supervision

Question 7

Educational neglect

Answer 7

involves actions such as allowing chronic truancy, failing to enroll a child in school who is of mandatory age, and failing to attend child’s special educational needs

Question 8

Emotional neglect

Answer 8

one of the most difficult categories to define, includes actions such as marked in attention to the childs needs for affection, refusal or failure to provide needed psychological care, spousal abuse in the childs presence, and permission for drug or alcohol use by the child.

Question 9

Sexual abuse

Answer 9

includes fondling a child’s genitals, intercourse with the child, incest, rape, sodomy, exhibitionism, and commercial exploitation through prostitution or the production of pornographic materials

Question 10

Disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED)

Answer 10

another possible outcome of social neglect

- child shows pattern of overly familiar and culturally inappropriate behavior with relative strangers

Question 11

Reactive attachement disorder (RAD)

Answer 11

characterized by a pattern of disturbed and developmentally inappropriate attachment behaviors.

• child displays fear and avoidance
• no consistent effort to seek comfort or nurturance from their caregiver and they fail to respond to caregivers efforts to comfort
• rarely express positive emotion when interacting with caregiver

Question 12

Acute stress disorder

Answer 12

development during or within 1 month after exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor of at least nice symptoms associated with intrusion, negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, and arousal.
- similar symptoms to PTSD but last for 1 month or less

Question 13

Adjustment disorder

Answer 13

children or adults who react to more common forms of stress in an unusual or disproportionate manner

Question 14

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 14

display persistent anxiety following an overwhelming traumatic event that occurs outside the range of usual human experience

Question 15

Cycle-of-violence hypothesis

Answer 15

The relationship between being abused as a child and becoming abusive toward others as an adult

Question 16

Emotion regulation

Answer 16

the ability to modulate or control the intensity and expression of feelings and impulses, especially intense ones, in an adaptive manner

Question 17

Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT)

Answer 17

the most widely studied and supported form of exposure therapy for childhood trauma or stress

Question 18

Relational disorders

Answer 18

physical abuse and neglect are considered this

Question 19

Complex trauma

Answer 19

manifests as problems with attachment to others, emotion regulation, dissociation, behavior problems, and distorted self concept

Question 20

Expectable environment

Answer 20

requires protective and nurturing adults, as well as opportunities for socialization within a culture

Question 21

Dissociation

Answer 21

in reaction to emotional and physical pain form abusive experiences, children or adults voluntarily or involuntarily may induce an altered state of consciousness

Question 22

Information-processing disturbances

Answer 22

cause maltreating parents to misperceive or mislabel typical child behavior in ways that lead to inappropriate responses and increased aggression