Chap 2 Flashcards
adaptational failure
failure to master or progress in accomplishing developmental milestones.
attachment
the process of establishing and maintaining an emotional bond with parents or other significant individuals
behavioral genetics
investigates connections between genetic predisposition and observed behavior
- more general way of looking at how genes are related
brain circuits
paths from one part of the brain to another
continuity
developmental changes are gradual and quantitative; predictive of future behavior patterns
- gradual small changes over time that are measurable
cortisol
stress hormone
developmental psychopathology
the study of abnormal behavior from a developmental perspective
discontinuity
developmental changes are abrupt and qualitative; not predictive of future behavior patterns
- sudden or abrupt change in behavior, no gradual change
emotion reactivity
individual differences in the threshold and intensity of emotional experience
- provide clues to an individuals level of distress and sensitivity to the environment.
emotion regulation
involves enhancing, maintaining, or inhibiting emotional arousal
- regulation (weak or absent control)
- dysregulation (maladaptive operation of existing control)
etiology
how biological, psychological, and environmental processes interact to produce the outcomes observers over time.
family systems
-The study of individual factors alongside the child’s context are mutually compatible and beneficial to both theory and intervention
frontal lobes
contains functions underlying most of our thinking, reasoning abilities, including memory
gene-environment interactions (GXE)
genetic and environmental influences
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
has been implicated in several psychological disorders, especially those connected to a person’s response to stress and ability to regulate emotions.
molecular genetics
Used to identify specific genes for childhood disorders
- actually looking at specific genes, much more detailed
neural plasticity
the brain’s anatomical differentiation is use-dependent
Nature and nurture both contribute
non-shared environment
environmental factors that produce behavioral differences among siblings in the same family
organization of development
Early patterns of adaptation evolve with structure over time
sensitive periods
times during which environmental influences on development are enhanced
shared environment
environmental factors that produce similarities in developmental outcomes among siblings in the same family
social cognition
how children think about themselves and others, and how they interpret events and solve problems.
social learning
- approach to study of behavior that’s interested in both overt behaviors and the role of cognitive mediators that may influence those behaviors
temperament
a child’s organized style of behavior that appears early in development
- Shapes an individual’s approach to his or her environment and vice versa
- Precursor to personality
