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Developmental psychopathology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 dimensions of temperament

A
  • Positive affect and approach (joy)
  • Fearful or inhibited
  • Negative affect or irritability
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2
Q

Important considerations

A 
Sex differences
Socioeconomic status
Race/Ethnicity
Culture
Child maltreatment and non-accidental trauma
LGBT youth
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3
Q

How many children have mental health problems?

A

1 in 8

13% have diagnosed mental health problem

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4
Q

Causal factors

A

problems must be considered in relation to multiple levels of influence

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5
Q

What model portrays the child’s environment as a series of nested and interconnected structures?

A

The ecological model

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6
Q

Developmental tasks preschool (0-5)

A

attachment, language, differentiation of self from environment, eating, sleeping, toiling, selfceare skills, self control, peer relationships

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7
Q

Developmental tasks middle childhood (6-11)

A

self control, compliance, academic achievement, rules, rule-governed games, simple responsibilities, getting along with peers, school adjustment

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8
Q

developmental tasks adolescence (12-10)

A

transition to secondary schooling, academic achievement (skills for higher ed), involvement in extracurricular activities, relations with pop sex, personal identity, separation from family, increased responsibilities, cohesive sense of self

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9
Q

Self regulation

A

a balance between emotional reactivity and self control

- best formula for healthy adjustment

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10
Q

Classical conditioning

A

involves paired associations between previous neutral stimuli and unconditioned stimuli
- Little Albert example

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11
Q

Integrative approach

A
  • psychological
  • biological
  • family, social, and culture
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12
Q

Psychological perspectives

A
  • Emotions
  • Behaviors
  • Cognitions
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13
Q

Youth exposure to violence is associated with

A
  • Resilient outcomes
  • Injury and death
  • Academic difficulties
  • Social difficulties
  • Posttraumatic stress disorder
  • Internalizing problems (anxiety and depression)
  • Externalizing problems (oppositional and antisocial behavior)
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14
Q

Behavioral approach system (BAS)

A 
Goal motivated behavior and positive affect in response to incentives
Externalizing Problems:
- Conduct Disorder
- Substance Abuse
- ADHD
- Aggression
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15
Q

Behavioral inhibition system (BIS)

A

Inhibition, avoidance, anxiety, and arousal in response to cues of punishment or novelty
Internalizing Problems:
- Anxiety
- Depression

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16
Q

4 primary operant learning principles

A
  • Extinction: slowly stopping reinforcement so the behavior just becomes natural, if neg behavior starts again reimplement some
  • Punishment: something negative to reduce behavior
  • Negative reinforcement: taking something away to increase desired behavior
  • Positive reinforcement: award for deserved behavior
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17
Q

What concept states that various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings such as child maltreatment?​

A

Multifinality

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18
Q

What refers to weak or absent control structures?

A

Regulation

19
Q

What indicates that existing control structures operate in a maladaptive way?

A

Dysregulation

20
Q

Who was first to link mental disorders to early childhood experiences?

A

Freud

21
Q

Many child and adolescent problems can best be described as…

A

a failure to demonstrate expected developmental progress

22
Q

A central tenet for developmental psychopathology is that to understand maladaptive behavior we must consider?

A

what is normative for a given period of development

23
Q

Questions about the nature and distribution of childhood disorders are frequently addressed through?

A

epidemiological research

24
Q

These rates refer to the extent to which new cases of a disorder appear over a specified period of time..

A

incidence rates

25
Q

Factors that influence the direction or strength of a relationship of variables of interest are…

A

moderator variables

26
Q

This refers to whether or not a treatment can produce changes under well controlled conditions?

A

treatment efficacy

27
Q

when researching the relationship between maternal distress and child conduct problems it was found that maternal distress was related to disciplinary strategies toward the child, which caused conduct problems. The disciplinary strategies are…

A

mediator variables

28
Q

Face validity

A

extent to which a measure appears to assess the construct of interest

29
Q

Construct validity

A

whether scores on a measure behave as predicted

30
Q

Convergent validity

A

reflects the correlation between related measures that are expected to be related

31
Q

Discriminant validity

A

the degree of correlation between unrelated measures

32
Q

Interrater reliability

A

agreement level between observers

33
Q

test-retest reliability

A

results between tests are stable over time

34
Q

Internal consistency

A

measurement methods remain the same

35
Q

Developmental psychopathology

A

the study of abnormal behavior from a developmental perspective

36
Q

Observational methods

A
  • are cost effective
  • allow for focused attention
  • are useful for studying infrequent behavior
  • allow for greater control over the situation
37
Q

Correlational studies

A

examine relationships among variables

- causality CANNOT be determined

38
Q

Criterion-related validity

A

How well a measure predicts behavior in specific settings

  • At the same time (concurrent validity)
  • In the future (predictive validity)
39
Q

Mixed methods research

A

combines qualitative and quantitative research

40
Q

Meta-analysis

A

use of statistical methods for contrasting and combining results from different studies in the hope of…

  • Estimating overall effect sizes (e.g., effect size for child psychotherapy)
  • Identifying patterns among study results
  • Sources of disagreement among those results
  • Other interesting relationships that may come to light in the context of multiple studies
41
Q

Qualitative research

A

more common in other fields, not psych

findings can’t be generalized

42
Q

Mega-analysis

A

Combines actual data from multiple studies

43
Q

ABC’s of assessment

A

Antecedents
Behaviors
Consequences

Developmental psychopathology (10 decks)

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