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State Exam > Trauma > Flashcards

Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Most common rural accident

A

head on

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2
Q

Primary stage of blast injury

A

pressure waves hollow organs collapse

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3
Q

Secondary stage of blast injury

A

struck by flying objects

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4
Q

Tertiary stage of blast injury

A

victim propelled through air and impact other objects

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5
Q

Best fluid for replacement in shock

A

plasma, packed cells, or whole blood

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6
Q

1st stage of hemorrhage in shock

A

up to 15% loss, BP maintained by constriction of vascular bed

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7
Q

2nd stage of hemorrhage in shock

A

15-25% loss, card output not maintained by arteriole constriction inc HR/RR, BP maintained by catecholamines. cool, pale, slight distal pulse

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8
Q

3rd stage of hemorrhage in shock (decompensated)

A

25-35% loss, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotn, alt mentation, cool/pale skin, no distal pulse due to shunting

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9
Q

4th stage of hemorrhage in shock (irreversible)

A

loss >35%, hypotn, lethargy, squeezing of filter organs, start MODS

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10
Q

Abrasion

A

outer most layer of skin damaged with or without flap

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11
Q

Laceration

A

break in skin with jagged ends

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12
Q

Animal bites

A

always transport & report to animal control or PD

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13
Q

Causes of burns

A

thermal, electrical, chemical, radiation

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14
Q

Electrical burns

A

have entrance and exit, can cause vascular and nerve damage

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15
Q

Rule of nines child

A
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16
Q

Rule of nines adult

A
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17
Q

Palmar method

A

surface of pt hand is 1% body surface

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18
Q

Complications of burns

A

immediate - hypovolemia/hypothermia

delayed - infection

shock due to plasma loss (third spacing)

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19
Q

Parkland formula

A

4ml X wieght(kg) X BSA % burned

given over 24 hrs, 1/2 volume given in first 8 hr

20
Q

Carbon monoxide inhalation s/s

A

headache, confusion, cherry-red lips. cyanotic with false high pulse-ox ,hypoventilating, non-responsive modled skin

21
Q

Dry ice burn tx

A

immerse in warm water 100-104

22
Q

meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

23
Q

Cerebrum

A

grey matter, personality, intelligence, judgement

24
Q

Cerebellum

A

balance, coordination, muscle tone

25
Q

Brain stem (mid brain, pons, medulla)

A

BP, HR, RR conciousness

26
Q

Afferent nerves VS Efferent nerves

A

Afferent - sensory nerves traveling from body to brain(ascending)

Efferent - sensory nerves traveling from brain to body (descending)

27
Q

Neurogenic shock

A

occurs with spinal injury. hypotn but not tachycardic

skin dry and warmand could be red

28
Q

Hyphema

A

blood in anterior chamber of eye

29
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

venous, slow altered metation over time

30
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

arterial unconcious, then conscious, then unconcious

31
Q

Subarachnoid hematoma

A

worst headahce of life, think its a migraine

target is femail 19-20 on the pill

32
Q

Mannitol

A

osmotic diuretic temporary measure for inc ICP

33
Q

Multiple attempts at ET with inc ICP will cause

A

more ICP, bradycardia and other dysrhythmias

34
Q

Traumatic asphyxia

A

bluging eyes and tongue, cyanosis, JVD, in metabolic acidosis give bicarb

35
Q

Plueral decompression

A

2nd and 3rd intercostal space midclavicular

decompress prior to ET, IV, or transport

36
Q

Causes of flat neck veins

A

dehydration

hemothorax

hypovolemia

37
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

as inhale distal pulse fades, as exhale pulse reappears

38
Q

Flail chest

A

2 or more ribs in 2 or more places

paradoxical movt

definitive tx - pos pressure vent, place bulky dressing on expiration

39
Q

Thoracic aorta injury

A

chest pain and pain between shoulder blades, unequal radial pulses

40
Q

Abd injuries

A

peritoneum - lining of abd cavity

abd distention/rigidity 1.5 - 2 L of blood loss

41
Q

Evisceration tx

A

moist sterile saline, keep warm

occlusive dressing

do not push back into body

42
Q

Fracture/dislocation 6 P’s

A

pain pallor paresthesia

paralysis pressure pulse

43
Q

Most commonly fractured bone

A

clavicle

44
Q

Complications of fractures/dislocations

A

nerve and vascular(worst possible)

45
Q

stokes basket

A

used to transport over difficult terrain

State Exam (10 decks)

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