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State Exam > Medical > Flashcards

Medical Flashcards

1
Q

S/S of resp difficulty

A

grunting, nasal flaring, accessory muscle use, tracheal tugging, intercostal retractions, difficulty speaking, color change

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2
Q

COPD

A

relies on hypoxic drive, when arterial O2 level low

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3
Q

emphysema

A

pink puffer, pursed lips, barrel chest, damaged alveoli, wheezing

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4
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

blue bloater, cough mucus, overweight, cyanotic, rhonchi

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5
Q

Asthma s/s

A

wheezing - 1st expiratory, 2nd inspiratory, last silent

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6
Q

Asthma tx

A

O2, epi, beta 2 agonist (albuterol, preventol, theophlyn)

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7
Q

Pneumonia s/s & tx

A

sob, fever sudden onset, rhonchi, O2 and breathing tx

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8
Q

Pulmonary embolus s/s

A

shock and resp distress, acute/sudden onset chest pain, sob, cyanotic from nipple line up

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9
Q

Pulmonary embolus risk factors

A

female, birth control pills, recent surgery or delivery, dvt, bed ridden, cellulitis of the leg, long trips

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10
Q

Hyperventilation

A

resp alkalosis, slow breathing or treat underlying cause

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11
Q

upright p wave

A

sinus rhythm

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12
Q

Inverted P wave

A

junctional rhythm (AV Node)

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13
Q

No P wave

A

junctional rhythm (bundle of his)

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14
Q

Sinus rhythm

A

SA node in RA, 60-100

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15
Q

Accelerated junctional rhythm

A

AV node, 40-60

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16
Q

Junctional rhythm

A

bundle of his, below 40

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17
Q

Ventricle rhythm

A

purkinje fibers, below 20 wide complex

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18
Q

Reentry

A

may cause PVCs or tachydysrhythmias

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19
Q

Layers of heart muscle out - in

A

epicardium(pericardium), myocardium, endocardium

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20
Q

Cardiac output

A

stroke volume X heart rate

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21
Q

Stroke volume

A

amount ejected with each contraction 80-100ml

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22
Q

Starling’s law

A

the bigger the stretch the bigger the contraction

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23
Q

Electrode placement for leads I,II,III

A
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24
Q

V-tach

A

regular, rapid, wide give amiodarone or lido

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25
Q

A-fib

A

irregular, no P wave, narrow complex

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26
Q

Sudden death from MI usually occurs within

A

1 hr of symptoms from dysrhythmias

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27
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

pump problem, treat with dopamine

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28
Q

ST elevation in II, III AvF

A

inferior wall

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29
Q

ST elevation in I, AvL, V5,V6

A

lateral wall

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30
Q

St elevation in V1,V2

A

septal(anterior)

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31
Q

ST elevation in V3,V4

A

anterior wall

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32
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

L heart failure, blood backs into capilaries

resp distress, rales/crackles, pink frothy sputum

O2, lasix, nitro morphine(vasodilation) CPAP

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33
Q

Cor pulmonale

A

R heart failure, blood backs into venous system

JVD, pedal or sacral edmea

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34
Q

Checking responsiveness

A

C - circulation

A - airway

B - breathing

D - defibrillation

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35
Q

Assessment ABCs

A

LOC: if unresponsive do CAB

if responsive do

ABCD(disability loc)E(extremities)

36
Q

ACLS secondary survey

A

A - adv airway (ET,LMA,etc)

B - breathing (assessed, assured, & secured, O2)

C - Circ interventions (IV, EKG)

D - differential diagnosis

37
Q

Differntial Diagnosis for cardiac arrest

5 Hs & Ts

A

Hypovolemia Thromboemboli (pulm & coronary)

Hypothermia Trauma

Hypoxia Tension pneumo

Hydrgen ion (acidosis) Tamponade

Hyper/hypo kalemia Toxins (OD)

38
Q

Most likely reversible cause of PEA

A

hypovolemia

39
Q

Abd aortic aneurysm

A

Lumbar back/abd pain, tearing pain, hx of htn, pulsating mass

unequal pulses in lower ext

40
Q

Hypertension

A

crisis - headache, photophobia, epistaxis

200/100

41
Q

Joules settings for v-fib

A

1st - 200j

2nd - 300j

3rd - 360j

42
Q

How much valium for seizure

A

5 - 10 mg IV

43
Q

Statis epilepticus

A

2 or more seizures without consciousness or a prolonged seizure

44
Q

Absence/petit mal seizures

A

children have many a day, may or may not lose consciousness

45
Q

Focal motor seizures

A

only one specific area is seizing

46
Q

S/S of stroke

A

visual disturbances, speech disturbance, may have loc change, hemiparesis, dizzy

47
Q

Causes of AMS

A

hypoperfusion, hypoglycemia, heat stroke

AEIOU-TIPS

alcohol, epilepsy, insulin, od, underdose

trauma, infection, psychosis, stroke

48
Q

Pituitary gland

A

master gland

pea-shaped in brain

releases oxytocin and ACTH

49
Q

Adrenal gland

A

superior portion of kidneys

releases epi and norepi

50
Q

Islets of langerhans

A

in pancreas produces insulin

51
Q

glucagon

A

produced in pancreas, sent to liver where stored as glycogen

52
Q

DKA

A

metabolic acidosis resp alkalosis

kussmaul’s, polyuria, polydyspsia, polyphagia

53
Q

Insulin shock

(hypoglycemia)

A

sudden onset, cold clammy, headache weak dizzy

IM glucagon

54
Q

Epi doses for allergic reaction

A

adult - 0.3 mg

pedi - 0.15 mg

55
Q

Upper GI hemorrhage

A

black tarry stool(melena), vomiting blood/coffee ground

colored(hematemesis) may be bleeding ulcer

56
Q

Lower GI bleed

A

bright red or wine colored stool (hematochezia)

57
Q

Appendicitis

A

RLQ pain, N/V, no appetite, may start periumbilical

low fever unless ruptured, constipation

58
Q

Cholecystitis

A

RUQ pain, yellow/green bile vomit

59
Q

Cystitis

A

most common cause of UTI

60
Q

Abd pain pt usually more comfortable in what position

A

lateral recumbent with knees bent (fetal position)

61
Q

Poison control number

A

1-800-222-1222

62
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants

(tofranil, elavil)

A

treat with sodium bicarb

63
Q

Aspirin OD

A

hyperventilation, tachycardia, fever, sweating

tinnitus

64
Q

Pit viper bite VS coral snake

A

necrotoxin

neurotoxin

65
Q

Marine animal

(coelenterates)

A

salt water, meat tenderizer, vinegar, hot water

66
Q

Stings

A

do not rub or use cold water

67
Q

Cocaine/speed OD

A

dilated pupils, tahcycardia, v-tach, seizures, agitated/restless

benzo is antidote

68
Q

Benzo OD

A

romazicon

69
Q

delirium tremens

A

48-72 hrs after last drink

70
Q

Organophosphate poisoning

A

SLUDGE

salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, GI, emesis

constricted pupils, slow pulse

give atropine large frequent doses

71
Q

Heat exhaustion

A

sodium/water loss

tachycardic and sweating

72
Q

Heat stroke

A

true medical emergency temp 105-106 stops sweating

rapid cooling, IV

73
Q

salt water VS fresh water drowning

A

salt - pulm edema

fresh - hemodilution

74
Q

Radiation

alpha, beta, gamma

A

alpha - 6 in clothes protect

beta - 1-2 ft

gamma - unlimited distance

75
Q

Meningitis

A

fever, nucal rigidity, AMS, headache

question: present @ football games fever, stiff neck for days

76
Q

Hepatitis

A

RUQ pain(murphy’s sign), dark urine, clay stools, sick for days or weeks

77
Q

TB

A

more common in HIV pt

78
Q

Most common cause of PID

A

gonorrhea

79
Q

Psychotic VS neurotic

A

psychotic worse not in touch with reality

80
Q

Restrain pt in what position

A

on back(supine) or side

prefer 5 people

81
Q

placenta

A

gas exchange, nutrients, wastes, heat, hormone production

82
Q

Stages of labor

A

1st - start of labor - complete dilation

2nd - complete dilation - delivery of baby

3rd - delivery of baby - delivery of placenta

83
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

1 sided lower abd pain, blood spotting

kehr’s sign - referred pain to shoulders

84
Q

Supine hypotensive syndrome

A

syncope, dizzy

put on left side

85
Q

Hypertensive syndrome

preeclampsia

toxemia

A

htn, protein in urine, swelling, epigastric pain, hyper reflexes

first mag sulfate if seizing the valium if it continues

State Exam (10 decks)

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