Medications

Question 1

Epinephrine

Answer 1

asthma, allergic rx, anaphylaxis, asystole, PEA, v-fib, pulseless v-tach. Alpha/beta stimulator, bronchodilator
1:1000 SQ/IM for asthma/allergic rx 0.3-0.5mg
1:10000 IV for anaphylaxis 0.3-0.5 mg
1:10000 IV for asystole etc 1mg q 3-5 min
peds dose 0.01 mg/kg

Question 2

Vasopressin

Answer 2

asystole, PEA, v-fib, pulseless v-tach

40 units IV one dose only

Question 3

Atropine

Answer 3

symptomatic brady, organophosphate poisoning. Parasympathetic blocker
0.5 q 3-5 min for brady max cardiac is 3 mg
pedi dose 0.02 mg/kg

Question 4

Amiodarone/Cordarone

Answer 4

antidysrhythmic, V-fib

300 mg IVP for v-fib, 150 mg over 10 min for stable tachycardias. blocks sodium, calcium channels

Question 5

Lidocaine

Answer 5

antidysrhythmic, PVCs, v-tach, v-fib, wide complex tachy. Inc ventricular fibrillation threshold.
1-1.5 mg/kg IV
Pedi: 1 mg/kg

Question 6

Signs of lido toxicity

Answer 6

irritability, parasthesia, dec LOC, muscle twitches, tremors, confusion, ringing in ears, late sign is seizure

Question 7

Procainamide/Pronestyl

Answer 7

PVCs, v-tach, v-fib
100 mg q 5 min total dose 17 mg/kg
D/C if dysrythmia suppressed, QRS widens by 50%, hypotension, or max dose

Question 8

Adenosine/Adenocard

Answer 8

SVT, AT,PSVT,PAT, slows conduction in SA and AV nodes.

6 mg then 12 mg in 1-2 min

Question 9

Verapamil/Isoptin/Calan

Answer 9

SVT, rapid a-fib/flutter, calcium channel blocker, causes hypotn, don’t give if on beta blockers or WPW

Question 10

Cardizem/Diltiazem

Answer 10

SVT, a-fib/flutter, calcium channel blocker, slows conduction of SA and AV nodes. don’t give if on beta blockers or WPW

Question 11

Calcium Chloride

Answer 11

calcium channel blocker od, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, mag od, precipitates with sodium bicarb

Question 12

Mag Sulfate

Answer 12

Torsades, v-tach, v-fib, eclampsia, OD causes CNS & resp depression, antidote calcium chloride.
1-2 gm for cardiac, 2-4 gm IV for eclampsia

Question 13

Sodium Bicarb

Answer 13

tricyclic OD, severe acidosis after vent problems corrected.
1 mEq/kg and repeat in 10 min @ 0.5 mEq/kg

Question 14

Nitroglycerin

Answer 14

chest pain, pulm edema, vasodilator, dec workload of heart, dec preload & afterload
0.4 mg sublingual

Question 15

Morphine

Answer 15

chest pain during stemi,

2-5 mg IV drug of choice for cardiac chest pain

Question 16

Lasix/Furosemide

Answer 16

pulm edema, CHF, htn. potent diuretic that inhibits sodium re-absorption in loop of henle, reduces preload.
20-40 mg IVSP

Question 17

Digitalis/Digitoxin/Lanoxin

Answer 17

CHF, a-fib. cardiac glycoside, pos inotropic, neg chronotropic. shock can cause or exacerbate toxicity, can cause v-fib/asystole if cardioverted

Question 18

Dopamine/Intropin

Answer 18

cardiogenic & neurogenic shock
1-2ug/kg/min - dopamine effect(selective vasodilation)
2-10ug/kg/min - beta effect (inc rate and force)
10-20ug/kg/min - alpha effect

Question 19

Norepinephrine/Levophed

Answer 19

hypotn refractory to dopamine, neurogenic shock

strong alpha and some beta effect

Question 20

Albuterol/Proventil/Ventolin

Answer 20

asthma, COPD, bronchospasm, beta 2 stimulator

2. 5 mg in 2-3ml saline
   pedi: 1.25 mg

Question 21

Aminophylline/Theophylline

Answer 21

asthma COPD,
bronchodilator, mild diuretic
SE: PVCs, tachycardia, hypotn

Question 22

Valium/Diazepam

Answer 22

seizures, sedation before cardioversion
2-10 mg IV
pedi: 0.2 mg/kg

Question 23

Benadryl/Diphenhydramine

Answer 23

allergic reaction, anaphylaxis
antihistamine
25-50 mg IM/IV

Question 24

Activated Charcoal

Answer 24

poisoning
2 tbs (50 gm) mixed in water
1 gm/kg adult & ped