Trauma Flashcards
According to Lombardero “The cat mandible (I): Anatomical basis to avoid iatrogenic damage in veterinary clinical practice” how much of the mandible is occupied by tooth roots and mandibular canal
70%
What is considered direct healing. for fractures
Gaps <1mm
What is considered indirect healing
Gaps >1mm
What are the three types of symphyseal separations
Type I injury: separation but no disruption of soft tissues
Type II injury: have soft tissue disruption.
Type III injury: and comminution of bone fragments often together with broken teeth.
Favorable vs unfavorable fracture
Favorable - caudodorsal
Unfavorable - caudoventral
If using intraosseous wire what does wiggs recommend for placement
favorable- single horizontal
unfavorable - double wire in a triangle or transcircumfrential
essig
risdon
stout
What is recommended for fracture repair
at least two substantial and periodontally stable teeth both rostral and caudal to the fracture line must be available for wiring.
What are the 3 primary buttresses
rostral - nasomaxillary
lateral - zygomaticomaxillary
caudal - pterygomaxillary –> not easily accessed. Made up of lacrimal, palatine, pterygoid bone
What are the four main flaps for soft tissue injuries
- Axial Pattern Flap: pedicle flap of skin and subQ that incoprporates a direct perforating cutaneous artery and vein into its base. They include: caudal auricular, superficial temporal, omocervical and angularis oris
- Rotation Flap: semicircular flap of skin and subQ that moves about a pivot point by a combo of rotation, transposition and stretching into a defect 🡪 useful for triangle shaped defects.
- Single-Pedicle Advancement Flap: flap of skin and subQ that is mobilized by undermining and advancing into a defect without altering the plane of the pedicle 🡪 use in square and rectangular wounds. Length to width ration not to exceed 2:1 to maximize flap perfusion.
- Transposition Flap: flap of skin and subQ usually rectangle shaped, turned on a pivot point to reach an adjacent defect to be covered usually at a right angle to the axis of the flap 🡪 square and rectangular wounds.
Where do you place miniplates or where are devices the strongest
Lines of tension
What thickness is needed to obtain compression plate fixation
minimum of 2mm
What is the difference between conventional and locking plates
- Conventional plating rely on friction between the plate and bone. Accurate contouring of the plate is needed to match the anatomic bone contour. The bone fragments are correctly reduced prior to plate application of FX dislocation occurs and with tightening of the screws, a loss of reduction may occur (loss of primary reduction).
- locked plating, screws lock to the plate, forming a fixed-angle construct (a “screw-only” mode of force transfer). Once the locking screws engage the plate, no further tightening is possible. The implant locks the bone segments in their relative positions regardless of the accuracy of the plate contouring or degree of reduction obtained 🡪 loss of primary reduction does not occur.
How much tongue can be removed with maintaining QOL
Dogs >75%
black - partial
red - subtotal
blue - total
Full thickness labial/buccal advancement flap
caudal auricular myocutaneous axial pattern flap
superficial temporal myocutaneous axial pattern flap
Rotational/transpositional flap
AKA angularis oris
A Arrows - rostral auricular plexus
B arrows - after blunt dissection you see the plexus and the shiny temporal muscle
Arrow head - dorsal buccal branch of the facial nerve
Arrows - parotid duct
massester biopsy
