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Basic Info > Perio > Flashcards

Perio Flashcards

1
Q

4 components of periodontium

A

Gingiva, PDL, Cementum, Alveolar bone

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2
Q

Oral mucosa is what kind of epithelium

A

Stratified squamous (most keratinized/parakerantinzied)

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3
Q

What oral tissue is not keratinized

A

Sulcular and junctional

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4
Q

What is the primary cell of the stratified squamous epithelium

A

keratinocyte

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5
Q

What are rete pegs

A

extension of the gingival epithelium that integrate into the CT “dermal papilla”

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6
Q

4 functions of cervical fluid

A

cleanse, adhesion via plasma proteins, antimicrobial properties, antibody activity

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7
Q

What is the lamina propria

A
  • Connective tissue
  • Papillary layer – dermal papilla
  • reticular layer – continuous with periosteum
  • Cellular - fibroblasts, collagen, glycoproteins, macrophages, neutrophils, etc
  • extracellular - ground substance (proteoglycan, glycoproteins, water), type 1 collagen
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8
Q

Rests of Serres

A

Remnant of dental lamina in gingiva

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9
Q

Predominant cells in PDL

A

Fibroblasts

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10
Q

What anchors cementum to the alveolar bone

A

Sharpeys fibers (type 1 collagen)

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11
Q

What are the 6 types of periodontal fibers and what is the most abundant

A

Transeptal, alveolar, horizontal, oblique, apical, interradicular
Mosts abundant = oblique

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12
Q

What are the three types of cells of PDL

A

PDL comes from the dnetal sac or follicle
Cells - fibroblast, cementoblasts, osteoblasts

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13
Q

What are the epithelial rests of malassez

A

Remnants of hertwig root sheath (forms the outer and inner enamel epithelium)

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14
Q

What is the main type of CT in cementum

A

Collagen 1

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15
Q

Where is the thickest and thinnest parts of cementum

A

thickest - apically
Thinnest - coronally

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16
Q

What are the 2 main types of cementum

A

Acellular - primary – cervical root
Cellular - secondary - apical root

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17
Q

What is the most common type of CEJ morphology in the dog and cat

A

Dog - type 3
Cat - type 4

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18
Q

Where is rankl present on
Where is OPG present on

A

Osteoblast

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19
Q

What is Rank present on

A

Osteoclast

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20
Q

What is biological width

A

2mm
Is the soft tissue attachment – junctional epithelium and connective tissue

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21
Q

How long does it take for plaque biofilm and calculus to form

A

Plaque - 24 hr
Calc - 48-72 hr

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22
Q

What type of bacteria is found in early and late biofilm

A

early - g+ aerobic
late - g- anaerobic

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23
Q

What cytokines are stimulate osteoclast activity in PDz

A

IL1B, IL6, PGE2, TNFa

24
Q

What is prostaglandin E2 produced by

A

Macrophage and fibroblasts

25
Q

What type of matrix metalloproteinases are found in healthy and PDz tissue

A

MMP1- secreted by fibroblasts to maintain CT
MMP8/9- secreted by neutrophils in PDz

26
Q

What are 2 types of anti-inflammatory cytokines

A

IL10 and TGF b

27
Q

Breeds of cats and dogs predisposed to PDz

A

Cat- abyssinian, somali
Dog - Min Schnauzer, maltese, sighthound

28
Q

Attachment loss

A

pd probing depth + GR - GE

29
Q

What organs does PDz have systemic effect on

A

Kidney - microalbuminuria and increased creatinine
Liver – c-reactive proteins
Myocardium (left AV) – endocarditis

30
Q

Soft accumulation of bacteria, food, cellular debris that is white

A

Materia Alba

31
Q

Primary supraginigval bacteria dog

A

Gram - in healthy
*neisseria
*bergeyella
Gram + in PDz

32
Q

Subgingival bacteria dog

A

Healthy = gram -
* bacteriodetes, fusobacterium and proteobacteria
PDz = gram +
* firmicutes, bacteriodetes and proteobacteria

33
Q

Supragingival bacteria cat

A

g- in healthy and + in Pdz
gram –ve’s:
Pasteurella spp.
Moraxella spp.
Thermomonas spp

34
Q

Subgingival bacteria cat

A

Mainly g-
healthy/pdz = bacteriodetes and proteobacteria) and spirochetes
**not the same subspecies though

35
Q

red complex

A

p. gingivalis
treponema denticola
tanneralla forsythia

36
Q

How to tell if an instrument is dull/sharp

A

Dull - reflect light
Sharp - edges dont reflect light

37
Q

What stones need oil/water and what stones dont

A

Dont - ceramic (or water)
Need oil - arkansas and india

38
Q

What are the sharpening angle for scalers, curettes, elevator/luxator, osteotome, ochsenbein, scissors

A

Scalers/curettes – 110° (toe at 45°)
Elevators, luxators – 45°
Osteotome – 45°
Ochsenbein – 20°
Scissors – flush (10 °)

39
Q

What is the power of low speed handpiece? What do green, blue, red bands mean?

A

Power - 20,000-40,000 rpm
Green = REDUCTION ratio
*Green 4:1 = 4x slower = 5000rpm
Blue ring (or no colour) = no gear ratio = 1:1 ratio = same speed, 20,000rpm
Red = INCREASE ratio
*Red 1:5 = 5x faster = 100,000rpm

40
Q

what is the speed of high speed handpiece

A

350,000-400,000 rpm

41
Q

What is the frequency of of electrosurgery vs radiosurgery

A

Electro- 0.5-2.9 MHz
Radio- 3-4 MHz

42
Q

What are the 4 types of waveforms (radiowave)

A

**Fully filtered waveform: pure, continuous flow of current; smoothest incision; least amount of thermal necrosis and tissue shrinkage; YES to close proximity to bone.
**Fully rectified waveform: simultaneous cutting and hemostasis; slightly wider zone of thermal damage and more tissue shrinkage; NOT be used in close proximity to bone or dental hard tissues.
**Partially rectified waveform: intermittent flow of energy; effective hemostasis while causing more thermal necrosis and tissue shrinkage; NOT suitable for gingivectomy/gingivoplasty
**Fulguration: most destructive; considerable thermal necrosis, tissue shrinkage and scarring. ABSOLUTELY NOT for gingivectomy/gingivoplasty

43
Q

What are the 3 types of crown lengthening

A

1- GV
2- apically repositioned flap
3- forced eruption with Ortho

44
Q

Osteoconduction

A

material that occupy space– scaffold

45
Q

osteoinduction

A

Growth factors and hormones to produce new bone

46
Q

osteogenic

A

live cells to lay down bone

47
Q

allograft

A

same species, different individual
conductivee/inductive

48
Q

alloplast

A

synthetic
conductive

49
Q

autogenous

A

same individual
conductive/inductive/osteogenic

50
Q

xenograft

A

diff species
conductive

51
Q

What are the 4 possibilites of GTR invasion and what are the results

A

**gingival epithelial cells grow in 1st, long junctional epithelium results, which may be unstable and has high chance of PP recurrence.
**connective tissue grows in 1st, fibers will be parallel to root surface and alveolar bone will regenerate w/o connection to cementum.
**bone grows in 1st, RR and ankylosis usually occur
**PDL cells proliferate coronally can new cementum occur, restoring healthy attachment.

52
Q

What are the indications for GTR

A

FE2
2/3 walled vertical sites
3 walled palatal defect

53
Q

What are the three main types of flaps

A

envelope - linear margin with no vertical incision
pedicle - two vertical releasing incision
Triangle - 1 vertical releasing incision

54
Q

Layers of epithelium

A

Corneum
granulosum
Spinousum
basale

55
Q

Zones of pulp (out to inner)

A
  1. odontoblastic process
  2. predentin
  3. odontoblast
  4. cell free zone (zone of weil)
  5. cell rich zone
  6. Pulp
56
Q

What dose the periodontium look like under the scope

A

Basic Info (16 decks)

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