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Basic Info > Benign lesions and cysts > Flashcards

Benign lesions and cysts Flashcards

1
Q

When performing a biopsy what measurements are ideal

A

Min 3mm
Ideal 4-6mm with 2mm deep due to shrinkage

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2
Q

What is tumor stagings

A

T= tumor
T0- none, T1- <20mm, T2- 20-40mm, T3 >40mm
N= LN
N0 - none, N1- movable ipsilateral, N2- Movable contralat or bilat, N3- Fixed
M= Distant Met
M0- none, M1- Positive

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3
Q

Odontogenic tumors originate from

A

Rests of Malassez within the PDL (centrally)
Rests of Serres within the gingiva (peripherally)

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4
Q

What are epithelial tumors

A

ameloblastoma
Convential Ameloblastoma
CAA
Amyloid Producing Tumor

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5
Q

Convential ameloblastoma

A

Maxilla
Canine and premolar
Interosseous and cystic 95%
Lysis
Mixed lytic/proliferative
Doesnt infiltrate surrounding bone

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6
Q

Common findings for both CAA and conventional ameloblastoma

A

Bone lysis
Tooth involvement / Tooth displacement
Cortical bone involvement
Contrast enhancement on CT
Recurrence not observed even with narrow surgical margins or treatment by cyst enucleation
Study suggests that aggressive wide surgical excision margins (> 1cm) may not be necessary 
No evidence of metastasis found in any cases → supports understanding of ameloblastomas as benign tumors

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7
Q

CAA

A

Most common OT in dogs – 45%
Not metastatic
Infiltration of the surrounds bone
Intraosseous is more aggressive
Rostral mandible (51%)
Golden ret, akita, cocker
Tooth displacement

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8
Q

Amyloid producing tumors

A

Rare
Derived from ameloblasts
slow growing no mets
Middle age dogs

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9
Q

Mesenchymal Tumors (3)

A

POF
myxoma/myxofibroma

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10
Q

POF

A

Second most common tumor
Slow growing
2 variants- fibromatous and ossifying

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11
Q

What is the difference between myxoma and myxofibroma

A

Odontogenic myxomas- mesenchymal tumors that arise from developing dental papilla
Odontogenic myxofibroma- when mesenchymal tumors that arise from developing dental papilla and found in conjunction with a large amount of collagen
Both highly infiltrative

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12
Q

Mixed mesenchymal/epithelial tumor

A

Odotoma
Feline inductive odontogenic tumor

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13
Q

Odontoma

A

Benign, inductive
Seen in young dogs, cats
6-18 months
Associated with unerupted tooth, alveolar swelling
Two types
1. Compound odontoma contains tooth-like structures, denticles, orderly pattern of dental tissue
2. Complex odontoma – disorderly dental tissue

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14
Q

FIOT

A

Young cats (8-18 mo)
termed inductive since odontogenic epithelium induces mesenchymal cells to form aggregated foci of dental pulp-like cells
Raised, submucosal, rapidly expansive, locally destructive, soft tissue mass
Usually unilateral on rostral MX

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15
Q

proliferation of the attached gingiva, often secondary to chronic inflammatory response to plaque, food impaction, dental malposition, dental resorption

A

Gingival hyperplasia
Breeds: Boxer, collie, Great dane, dalmation, dobie

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16
Q

Drugs that induce GH

A
  1. Phenytoin derivatives
    Chronic, slow growing
    Regrows after sx resection
    Usually regresses when drug discontinued
  2. Calcium channel blockers (i.e. amlodipine, nifedipine)
    Calcium plays an important role in apoptosis
    Gingiva has the highest activity of transglutaminase- calcium dependent enzyme involved in apoptosis
    Theorized that decreased CA reduces normal apoptosis causing deregulation of tissue overgrowth
  3. Cyclosporine
    cyclosporine developed gingival enlargement
    Reversible once drug discontinued
17
Q

Reactive lesion due to irritation caused by plaque/calculus

A

Focal fibrous hyperplasia
Rostral maxilla>other regions

18
Q

Reactive lesion occurring at a specific site on gingiva, response to chronic, low-grade irritation

A

Pyogenic granuloma

19
Q

Peripheral giant cell granuloma

A

Rare (cats>dog)
Response to injury - lymphocytes, plasma cell, macrophages in submucosal stroma
MX>MN
High recurrence

20
Q

Types of developmental cyst

A

Dentigerous/follicular
Lateral

21
Q

Types of inflammatory Cyst

A

Periodical/radicular

22
Q

Most common Odontogenic cyst

A

Dentigerous
Tissue remnants of enamel organ and REE
Brachy overrepresented
MNM1 most affected

23
Q

Periapical/Radicular cysts

A

Infrequent
Inflammatory from nonvital teeth

24
Q

Lateral Cysts

A

Developmental
ON VITAL TEETH
noninflammatory, nonkeratinized, developmental odontogenic cysts. The LPC occurs lateral to the root of vital teeth, most commonly the mandibular premolars in humans

25
Q

Keratocyst

A

Originally DVPT Cyst
Agressive
Not associated with T/U
MX>MN
Min Schnauzer

26
Q

What is a benign primary mass of bone or cartilage

A

Osteoma
More likely in the mandible

27
Q

What are the 3 types of osteoma

A

Peripheral - surface/periosteal
Central - within bone/endosteal
Extraskeletal - muscle

28
Q

What are the 2 classifications of dentigerous cyst

A

Follicular - dilation of the follicular space around the crown with NO ERUPTION
Eruption - dilation of the follicular space around the crown WITH ERUPTION

29
Q

What are the most commonly impacted teeth

A

Canines and PM1

30
Q

Retention mucocele

A

due to decrease in glandular tissue, secretion is blocked

31
Q

Mucus extravation cyst

A

broken salivary duct resulting in spillage of saliva into the surrounding tissue

32
Q

1st description of odontogenic tumor

A

Pierre Fauchard
1746

33
Q

What is DMFO (2-difluoromethulornthine) used for and how did it help (lewis paper)

A

Tx SCC
12-166mg/kg BID
Targets ODC- gate keeper for polyamine bisythetic pathway
In the paper it decreased polyamine levels
Can be ototoxic

34
Q

What is the likelihood of recurrence for CAA with margins, narrow margins and no margins

A

Complete = 0-40
Narrow = 0-34
Incomplete = 0-54

35
Q

Cementoblastoma

A

rare benign mesenchymal odontogenic tumor arising from cementoblasts
Characterized by the formation of an expansive mass of cementum-like tissue intimately associated to the root of a tooth

36
Q

When performing a carotid tie off, where does the vagosympathetic trunk and recurrent laryngeal nerve and internal jugular v site

A

VST - dorsal to carotid
RLN and IJV - Ventral

37
Q

Adverse effects of carotid ligation

A

Ischemia, retinal damage, hematoma

Basic Info (16 decks)

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