TRAUMA Flashcards
Fluid resuscitation in electrical burns
4ml x % burns x weight in kg RL/HARTMAN
half over 8 hours
rest over 16 hours
Fluid resuscitation in child with burns
3ml x % burns x weight in kg RL
half over 8 hours
rest over 16 hours
fluid resuscitation in adult with deep partial and full thickness burns
2ml x % Burns x weight in kg RL
HALF OVER 8 and rest over 16 hours
target urine output in burns
Adult 0.5ml/kg/hour
child 1ml/kg/hour
referrals for burns
burns at extremes of ages
partial thickness burns >2%TBSA
full thickness all
FACE, HANDS FEET , GENITALIA, PERINEUM, MAJOR JOINTS
Circumferential burns of limbs and chest
electrical and chemical burns
ass. inhalational injury
trauma
major comorbidities
all burns >3% in adults and 2% in children
acl tear
valgus stress , flexed knee twisting force
pop is heard
immediate swelling (geniculate arteries run within ligament)
large haemarthrosis
physio if inactive
surgical ligament reconstruction if active
meniscal tear
locked knee with swelling hours after injury
mode flexed knee externally or internally rotated
ACL AND PCL
acl attached to lateral condyle
pcl medial condyle of femur
Pcl tear
blunt force trauma to flexed knee
quadriceps tendon rupture
basketball player
high axial load
awkward landing on one leg with foot planted in partial flexion of kneee
types of burns
- superficial - epidermis , skin red and painfull but not blistered
- superificial partial thickness - epidermis + superficial dermis, red and blotchy skin with swelling and blisters, very painfull hypersensitive
- deep partial thickness- epidermis +dermis , skin pale with small blisters, may not cause much pain. pressure feeling
- full thickness- epidermis + dermis + s/c fascia
waxy skin painless
o donoghues unhappy triad
acl rupture
mcl rupture
medial meniscus tear
tetanus prone burn wound
surgery needed but cannot be done in 24 hours
significant tissue removed, puncture type, animal bite, soil contamination
u/l non functioning IVU
- absent kidney
- thrombosis/avulsion of renal artery
- parenchymal disruption
massive hemothorax
> 1500 ml blood on chest drain or 200ml/hr for 2-4 hours
mx- thoracotomy
crush syndrome
hyperkalemia
hypocalcemia
coagulopathy
myoglobinaemia
anuric renal failure
uraemia
haemoconcentration
healing by secondary intention
granulation
epithelialisation.
wound contarction
grossly contaminated wounds
wounds with extensive tissue loss
surgical wounds like laprostomy
primary closure
suturing
stapling
steri strips
deltoid ligament
medial ligament of ankle
twisting injury
inversion injury
lateral ligament if ankle
ankle sprain
flexor tendon injury zones
- bw dipj crease and middle phalanx, distal to insertion of fds
- bw 1 and distal palmar crease
3.bw 2 and distal margin of carpal tunnel - over carpal tunnel
- forearm and wrist
gardens classification
intracapsular fracture nof
- undisplaced incomplete, valgus impacted
- undisplaced complete
- complete, incompletely displaced
- complete , completely displaced
weber fracture
lateral malleolar fracture
classified in relation to distal tibio fibular syndesmosis
A. infrasyndesmotic
B. trans syndesmotic
C. suprasyndemotic
le fort fractures
maxilla fracture classification.
- passes through — base of pyriform aperture, maxillary sinus and pterygoid plate
2.
- midcraniofacial dissociation
urethral injury in pelvic fracture inv
unable to void
requires a pelvic binder
blood at the meatus
scrotal hematoms
perineal echymosis
inv retrograde urethrography
mx suprapubic catherterisation
zones of penetrating neck injury
- clavicle to cricoid
- angle of mandible
- base of skull
