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MRCS-A Dr. SK > ORTHO > Flashcards

ORTHO Flashcards

1
Q

ligament rupture and mechanism of injury

A

ACL - high twisting force flexed knee
PCL- hyperextension injury
meniscal- rotational sports injury
MCL- valgus stress ie lateral blow
LC - varus stress ie medial blow

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2
Q

DDH
SUFE
PERTHES. HX

A

difficult vaginal delivery (breech/obstructed)
13-14 y m obese
5-6 y child with limp and knee pain hip tenderness

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3
Q

DDH
SUFE
PERTHES
INV

A
  1. uss upto 3 months , xray shentons line smooth arc
  2. xray melting ice cream cone , southwik angle disease severity
  3. flattened femoral head on xray
    respectively
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4
Q

bankart lesion

A

avulsion of anterior glenoid labrum with ant shoulder dislocation
reverse if posterior dislocation

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5
Q

hill sachs lesion

A

chondral impaction on posterosuperior humeral head from contact with glenoid rim
reverse if posterior dislocation

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6
Q

gustillo anderson classification

A
  1. wound <1cm low velocity
  2. > 1cm wound with moderate soft tissue damage
  3. high energy wound >10 cm with extensive sift tissue damage
    3A adequate soft tissue coverage
    3B Inadequate soft tissue coverage
    3C arterial injury
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7
Q

pseudogout cause

A

hypothyroidism
hyperparathyroidism
haemochromatosis
acromegaly
wilson disease
low magnesium low phosphate

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8
Q

inv in pseudogout

A

xray chondrocalcinosis
transferrin for haemochromatosis
joint aspiration calcium pyrophosphate crytals weakely positive birifringent

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9
Q

causes of avscular necrosis

A

PLASTIC RAGS

P- pancreatitis
L- lupus
A- alcohol
S- steroids
T- trauma
I- idiopathic, infection
C- caissons disease, collagen vascular disease
R-radiation, rheumatoid
A-amyloid
G- gauchers
S- sickle cell

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10
Q

syringomyelia

A

spinothalamic tracts affected
pain and temperature in upper limbs is lost
charcot joints
commonest variant arnold chiari malformation

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11
Q

post op hip displacement and signs of infection

A

remove metal work and implantation of gentamicin beads

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12
Q

march fracture

A

2 nd metatarsal stress fracture

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13
Q

frieberg disease

A

anterior metatarsalgia affecting head of 2nd metatarsal
pubertal growth spurt

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14
Q

impacted neck of humerus fracture

A

cuff and collar for 3 weeks and early physiotherapy

displaced # orif or intramedullary nailing

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15
Q

nof # intracapsular management

A

young
1. undisplaced - internal fixation
2. displaced - total hip replacement

elderly
1. active individual and can take anaesthesia no cognitive impairment
total hip replacement
2. inactive cannot take anaesthesia cognitive impairment
hemiarthroplasty

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16
Q

nof # extracapsular mx

A

intertrochanteric
1. dynamic hip screw

subtrochanteric
2. intramedullary nail

17
Q

pens ansernius bursitis

A

gooses foot
sartorius gracilis and semi tendinosus attach here
sportsman overuse injury
main site of pain medial proximal tibia

18
Q

personage turner syndrome

A

peripheral neurpoathy
complicating viral illness
muscle wasting winging of scapula

19
Q

brown sequard syndrome

A

hemisection of spinal cord
trauma or stab injury or lateral vertebral fracture

ipsilateral
1. paralysis (pyramidal)
2. loss of proprioception
3. loss of fine touch

contralateral
pain and temperature

20
Q

bartons #

A

distal radius # with intraarticukar extension
radiocarpal displacement

21
Q

smiths vs colles

A

smiths (reverse colles )
distal radius # with volar displacement
garden spade deformity

colles
distal radius # with dorsal displacement

22
Q

earliest change in avascular necrosis

A

more radio opaque due fo hyperaemia and resorption

23
Q

holstein lewis #

A

distal 1/3 humerus #
radial nerve injury

24
Q

first radiological sign of perthes disease

A

sclerosis of femoral head

25
Q

idpndication for treatment in perthes

A

half a dozen half a head
>6 years , >50% head involvement

26
Q

talipes equinovarus

A

MSA D2 W2

M- medial talar neck inclination
S- severe tibio talar plantar flexion
A- adducted and inverted calcaneus

D- displacement of navicular medially
D- displacement of cuboid medially

W- wedge shaped distal calcanel articular surface
W- wedge shaped head of talus

read if you are scoring 119/120 😂

27
Q

maissonneve #

A

of proximal fibula

unstable ankle injury with likely inetrosseus membrane injury

28
Q

salter harris classification

A

S- straight through growth plate
A- above , metaphysis
L- lower, epiphysis
T- through, both epi and meta
ER - everything ruined, crush compression

29
Q

osgood schlatter disease

A

teenage, athletic
multiple micro # at point of insertion of tendon into tibial tuberosity

pain worsens with activity and settles at rest

30
Q

acrmioclavicular joint disorder

A

injury to superior aspect of acromion

loss of shoulder contour prominent clavicle

31
Q

monteggia vs galleazi

A

MU GR

Monteggia - proximal ULNA + dislocation of radial head

Galleazi - distal Radius + dislocation of DRUJ

MRCS-A Dr. SK (7 decks)

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