ORTHO Flashcards
ligament rupture and mechanism of injury
ACL - high twisting force flexed knee
PCL- hyperextension injury
meniscal- rotational sports injury
MCL- valgus stress ie lateral blow
LC - varus stress ie medial blow
DDH
SUFE
PERTHES. HX
difficult vaginal delivery (breech/obstructed)
13-14 y m obese
5-6 y child with limp and knee pain hip tenderness
DDH
SUFE
PERTHES
INV
- uss upto 3 months , xray shentons line smooth arc
- xray melting ice cream cone , southwik angle disease severity
- flattened femoral head on xray
respectively
bankart lesion
avulsion of anterior glenoid labrum with ant shoulder dislocation
reverse if posterior dislocation
hill sachs lesion
chondral impaction on posterosuperior humeral head from contact with glenoid rim
reverse if posterior dislocation
gustillo anderson classification
- wound <1cm low velocity
- > 1cm wound with moderate soft tissue damage
- high energy wound >10 cm with extensive sift tissue damage
3A adequate soft tissue coverage
3B Inadequate soft tissue coverage
3C arterial injury
pseudogout cause
hypothyroidism
hyperparathyroidism
haemochromatosis
acromegaly
wilson disease
low magnesium low phosphate
inv in pseudogout
xray chondrocalcinosis
transferrin for haemochromatosis
joint aspiration calcium pyrophosphate crytals weakely positive birifringent
causes of avscular necrosis
PLASTIC RAGS
P- pancreatitis
L- lupus
A- alcohol
S- steroids
T- trauma
I- idiopathic, infection
C- caissons disease, collagen vascular disease
R-radiation, rheumatoid
A-amyloid
G- gauchers
S- sickle cell
syringomyelia
spinothalamic tracts affected
pain and temperature in upper limbs is lost
charcot joints
commonest variant arnold chiari malformation
post op hip displacement and signs of infection
remove metal work and implantation of gentamicin beads
march fracture
2 nd metatarsal stress fracture
frieberg disease
anterior metatarsalgia affecting head of 2nd metatarsal
pubertal growth spurt
impacted neck of humerus fracture
cuff and collar for 3 weeks and early physiotherapy
displaced # orif or intramedullary nailing
nof # intracapsular management
young
1. undisplaced - internal fixation
2. displaced - total hip replacement
elderly
1. active individual and can take anaesthesia no cognitive impairment
total hip replacement
2. inactive cannot take anaesthesia cognitive impairment
hemiarthroplasty
nof # extracapsular mx
intertrochanteric
1. dynamic hip screw
subtrochanteric
2. intramedullary nail
pens ansernius bursitis
gooses foot
sartorius gracilis and semi tendinosus attach here
sportsman overuse injury
main site of pain medial proximal tibia
personage turner syndrome
peripheral neurpoathy
complicating viral illness
muscle wasting winging of scapula
brown sequard syndrome
hemisection of spinal cord
trauma or stab injury or lateral vertebral fracture
ipsilateral
1. paralysis (pyramidal)
2. loss of proprioception
3. loss of fine touch
contralateral
pain and temperature
bartons #
distal radius # with intraarticukar extension
radiocarpal displacement
smiths vs colles
smiths (reverse colles )
distal radius # with volar displacement
garden spade deformity
colles
distal radius # with dorsal displacement
earliest change in avascular necrosis
more radio opaque due fo hyperaemia and resorption
holstein lewis #
distal 1/3 humerus #
radial nerve injury
first radiological sign of perthes disease
sclerosis of femoral head
idpndication for treatment in perthes
half a dozen half a head
>6 years , >50% head involvement
talipes equinovarus
MSA D2 W2
M- medial talar neck inclination
S- severe tibio talar plantar flexion
A- adducted and inverted calcaneus
D- displacement of navicular medially
D- displacement of cuboid medially
W- wedge shaped distal calcanel articular surface
W- wedge shaped head of talus
read if you are scoring 119/120 😂
maissonneve #
of proximal fibula
unstable ankle injury with likely inetrosseus membrane injury
salter harris classification
S- straight through growth plate
A- above , metaphysis
L- lower, epiphysis
T- through, both epi and meta
ER - everything ruined, crush compression
osgood schlatter disease
teenage, athletic
multiple micro # at point of insertion of tendon into tibial tuberosity
pain worsens with activity and settles at rest
acrmioclavicular joint disorder
injury to superior aspect of acromion
loss of shoulder contour prominent clavicle
monteggia vs galleazi
MU GR
Monteggia - proximal ULNA + dislocation of radial head
Galleazi - distal Radius + dislocation of DRUJ
