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MRCS-A Dr. SK > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

contents of cubital fossa medial to lateral

A

MBBR ✌️
MEDIAN NERVE
BRACHIAL ARTERY
BICEPS TENDON
RADIAL NERVE

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2
Q

ulnar paradox
closer to the paw worse is the claw

A

supplies the ulnar half of FDP and intrinsic muscles of the hand except LOAF
Division at wrist - claw hand (ring and little finger hyperextended at mcpj and flexed at ip joint

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3
Q

mesonephric duct derivatives

A

male and female
ureter
renal pelvis
calyces
collecting tubules

male only
epididimis
vas deferans
seminal vesicles
ejaculatory duct

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4
Q

paramesonephric ducts or mullerian ducts

A

lateral to mesonephric
fallopian tubes
uterus
cervix
upper part of vagina
vaginal wall

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5
Q

illioinguinal nerve

A

T12 L1
sensory supply
pubic symphisis
superior and medial femoral triangle
mons pubis
labia majora

commences at lateral border of psoas major
pierces the TA and IO

INJURY
Lower abdominal surgery
orchidectomy
appendicectomy
hyseterectomy

CF- worsening of symptoms on palpation medial to ASIS
numbness and paraesthesia over inguinal ligament
inner thigh labua majora and perinium

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6
Q

dynamic stabilisers of patella

A

quadriceps anteriorly
hamstrings posteriorly
gastrocnemeus medially and laterally

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7
Q

narrowest part of male urethra also least dilatable

A

membranous

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8
Q

muscles attaching to greater trochanter of femur

A

POGO
piriformis
obturator internus
gluteus medius minimus and both gemeli
obturator externus

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9
Q

alcock canal syndrome

A

pudendal nerve s2s3s4

pain
urinary or fecal incontinence
sensory disturbances of perinium and genitalia

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10
Q

piriformis syndrome

A

sciatic nerve entrapment
radicular pain into the buttocks

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11
Q

sternal angle important events

A

2nd rib
aorta- ascending aorta ends, arch of aorta begins and ends, descending aorta begins
trachea bifurcation
pulmonary trunk bifurcation
left recurrent laryngeal nerve wraps around ligamentum arteriosum
azygous vein drains into svc
thiracic duct crosses from left to right
cardiac plexus

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12
Q

embryology of diaphragm

A

septum transversum — tendinous part of diaphragm
pleuroperitoneal membrane and peripheral body wall muscles — muscular part
mysentry of oesophagus— crura of diaphragm

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13
Q

diaphragm openings

A

T8 — IVC, rigth phrenic nerve, lymph nodes
T10 — esophagus and rt(post) and left(ant) vagus/trunks
T12 — azygous vein, esophagus, thoracic duct

I 8 10 Eggs At 12

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14
Q

embryology of heart

A
  1. right sinus venosus— sinus venerum( smooth wall of rt atrium)
  2. left sinus venosus— coronary sinus
  3. primitive atrium— adult trabeculated atria(pectinate muscles)
  4. primitive left venricle — left ventricle
  5. bulbus cordis— rt ventricle + outflow regions
  6. conus cordis— outflow of ventricles
  7. truncus arteriosus— ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
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15
Q

surfaces of heart

A

anterior/sternocostal — right ventricle
posterior/ base — left atrium
inferior/diaphragmatic— left and right ventricle
rt pulmonary— rt atrium
lt pulmonary — lt ventricle

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16
Q

coronary sulcus

A

atrioventricular groove
right coronary artery runs here

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17
Q

tranveesepericardial sinus

A

posterior to aorta and pulmonary trunk
anterior to svc
superior to left atrium

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18
Q

fetal shunt adult remnant

A

foramen ovale — fossa ovalis (rt atrium)
ductus arteriosus— ligamentum arteriosum
ductus venosus— lgamentum venosum
umbilical vein— ligamentum teres

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19
Q

crista terminalis

A

inferior surface of right atrium
devided into sinus venerum and atrium proper

20
Q

trabeculae carnae

A

inflow portion of both ventricles

21
Q

conus arteriosus

A

aka infundibulum
located in superior aspect of rt ventricle

22
Q

coronary arteries fill during which phase of cardiac cycle

A

diastole

23
Q

layers of pericardium

A

FPSV
Fibrous
parietal layer of serous pericaridum
serous fluid
visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium)

24
Q

SA NODE AND AV NODE supplied by

A

RCA

25
Q

AV BUNDLES SUPPLIED BY

A

LCA

26
Q

valves in the heart

A

valve of coronary sinus—- thebesian valve
valve of ivc —- eustachian valve

27
Q

venous drainage of oesophageal varices

A

hemiazygous or azygous vein( systemic)

28
Q

sibsons fascia

A

fascia covering the apex of the lung runs from C7 to 1st rib, overloes apex of both lungs b/w pleura and thoracic cage

29
Q

layers in GIT

A

Mucosa — a. epithelium b. lamina propria c. muscularis mucosa
Submucosa — meissners plexus
Muscularis propria — a. circular muscle, b. Auerbachs plexus , c. longitudinal muscle
Serosa (intraperitoneal) Adventitia (extraperitoneal)

30
Q

oesophagus constrictions

A

ABCD
A— arch of Aorta
B— left main Bronchus
C— Cricoid
D— Diaphragmatic hiatus

31
Q

Azygous lobe of lung

A

commonest accesory lobe,
site— Right upper lobe, where the azygous vein forms a deep impression
seen superior to the hilum of the right lung

32
Q

SVC obstruction collateral venous system

A
  1. azygous venous system
  2. internal mammary venous pathway
  3. long thoracic venous pathway
    a. femoral b. vertebral
33
Q

individual with left sided SVC, pathway to enter the heart

A

coronary sinus

34
Q

Azygous venous system

A
  1. Azygous vein — union of right Lumbar Vein and right Subcostal vein
    enters via aortic hiatus, drains into SVC
  2. Hemiazygous vein — union of Left Lumbar vein and Left Subcostal vein
    enter through left crus, drains into Azygous vein
    on the left, moves to the right at the level of T9
  3. Acessory Hemiazygous vein — union of 4th to 8th intercostal veins
    drains into Azygous vein at the level of T8
35
Q

Thoracic Duct

A

Origin- cisterna chyli in abdomen
enters through aoritc hiatus
acends to lie directly anterior to t6-t12 vertebrae,
deviates to the left at the level of T4
drains into junction between Left IJV and left Subclavian vein

36
Q

course of oesophagus

A

starts at C6 level (cricoid)
crosses anteriorly to the left main bronchus,
lies behind left atrium and passes through muscular part of diaphragm(rt crus)
innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve

37
Q

vasculature and lymphatics of oesophagus

A

part. arterial. venous. lymphatics
1. upper 1/3. inferior thyroid artery inferiothyroid vein. lower deep cervical
2. middle 1/3. oesophageal artery Azygous vein. posterior mediastinal
3. lower 1/3. left gastric artery. left gastric vein. coeliac nodes

38
Q

TOF

A

Unequal devision of Conus d/t anterior displacement of conotruncal septum
1. pulmonary infundibular stenosis
2. VSD
3. overriding aorta
4. RVH

39
Q

ASD

A

Failure of Endocardial cushions to fuse
massesof mesemchyme in atrioventricular and conotruncal region of bulbus cordis

40
Q

cupola

A

Cervical pleura
extends 2.5 cm above medial 1/3 of clavicle

41
Q

site of SVC cannulation

A

infraclavicular
1-2 cm inferior and lateral to junction between medial 1/3 and lateral 2/3 of clavicle

42
Q

anterior relations of oesophagus

A

LT CCA
TRACHEA
LT MAIN BRONCHUS
PERICARDIUM

43
Q

Posterior relations of oesophagus

A

Thoracic vertebra
Thoracic duct
Hemiazygous vein
Descending aorta

44
Q

Branches of Axillary Artery

A

Slap the lawyer save patients attendant

devided into three parts by pectoralis minor

1st part — 1 branch — superior thoracic artery
2nd part — 2 branch — thoracoacromial , lateral thoracic artery
3rd part — 3 branches — subscapular( thoracdorsal imp branch) , anterior circumflex and posterior circumflex humeral artery

45
Q

safe triangle

A

5th ICS, MIDAXILLARY LINE(just anterior), Above 6the rib
boundaries
posteriorly — lateral border of latissimus dorsi
anteriorly — lateral border of pectoralis major
inferiorly — 5th ICS
Superiorly — base of axilla

46
Q

phrenic nerve course

A

begins at lateral border of anterior scalene muscle,
progresses inferiorly medial to ant. scalene muscle
parallel to IJV, deep to prevertebral fascia,
Anterior to Subclavian artery and posterior to Subclavian Vein

THEN RT AND LT DIFF

Right—- enters thorax through thoracic inlet,
Descends anterior tolung root , in contact with right pericardium of atrium,
exits throught T8 vena caval orifice

Left— enters through thoracic inlet,
crossing the aortic arch, descends anterior to left lung root, in contact with left pericardium.

47
Q

SVC surface landmarks

A
  1. 1st right costal cartilage— formation by union of left and right brachiocephalic veins
  2. sternal angle/T4/T5– Azygous vein pierces SVC
  3. 3rd Right Costal cartilage— SVC drains into right atrium

MRCS-A Dr. SK (7 decks)

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