Trauma Flashcards
types of trauma to eye
blunt trauma, penetrating injuries, burns
golden rules of trauma tx
hx is key always record visual acuity fluorescein handle globe fracture with care always x-ray FBs immediate irrigation of chemical injuries
main blunt traumas to eye
blow out fracture: herniation of orbital content into cavity
sub-conjunctival haemorrhage: small vessel in conjunctiva bursts releasing blood into space between conductive and sclera
traumatic uveitis: anterior uveitis s/s, comes on following trauma (breakdown of blood-aqueous barrier)
tearing of intra-ocular structures: lens shift due to loss of zone tension
Retinal detachment: vitreous may filter behind peel causing rapid deterioration
commotion retinae: bruised retinae
5 causes of big penetrating traumas
stabbing, lid laceration, corneal laceration (aqueous will leak out- flat cornea), scleral laceration, fish hook injury
small object penetrating trauma
sub tarsal FB, conjunctival FB, corneal FB (mechanic common, slit lamp, cover with chloramphenicol), penetrating FB (fast moving particles, localised cataracts, shallow anterior chamber, irregular pupil)
2 types of burns and how to treat
alkalis: causes extensive scarring, penetrates intra-ocular structures, ischaemia
acids: often REALLY red eye
mx= irrigate!
what is the tell tale sign of limbus ischaemis and why bad
china white sign, limbus is area of stem cells for eye
what may occur as a result of penetrating injury to 1 eye
sympathetic ophthalmia due to other eye being exposed to intra-ocular antigens resulting in AI reaction. may cause bilateral blindness
what ix are crucial
fluorescein, slit lamp, x-ray with FB, visual acuity
a hyphaema is..
blood in anterior chamber
corneal abrasion can be caused by…
FB, nails, eyelashes, entropion, contact lenses
s/s of corneal abrasion
painful red eye, FB sensation, very watery
ix for abrasion
fluorescein, slit lamp
arc eye is ______ of the cornea and presents with bilateral ____ ___ eyes
sunburn, gritty red
