Infections

Question 1

conjunctivitis is infection of…

Answer 1

conjunctiva

Question 2

types of conjunctivitis

Answer 2

bacterial, viral, allergic

Question 3

bacterial conjunctivitis…

Answer 3

O: staph a, n.gonnorrhoea, chlamydia (<4months)

Question 4

s/s & tx of bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 4

purulent discharge, red eye, gritty eye

chloramphenicol, fuisidic acid for staph a

Question 5

viral conjunctivitis

Answer 5

O: adenovirus, herpes simplex, herpes zoster
s/s: watery discharge, chemises, red eye
tx: lubricants, antivirals

Question 6

chlamydial conjunctivitis

Answer 6

chronic coruse, not better with tx, young

s/s: chronic pink eye

Question 7

allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 7

caused by irritant
s/s: chemosis, watery discharge, red eye
mx: antihistamines/ mast cell stabilisers

Question 8

what is keratitis

Answer 8

infection of cornea (most commonly epithelial cells of cornea)

Question 9

types of keratitis

Answer 9

bacterial, viral, fungal

Question 10

bacterial keratitis

Answer 10

organisms: staph a, pseudomonas
RF: dry eyes, contact lenses, prv corneal pathology
s/s: hypopyon
ix: gram stain and culture- mx is abx

Question 11

viral herpetic keratitis

Answer 11

o: herpes simplex, most common form of keratitis

s/s: painful, dendritic ulcer, reduced visual acuity, photophobia, vesicles around eye, FB sensation

ix: fluorescein imaging, slit-lamp, corneal swab
mx: glancyclovir (no steroids!)

Question 12

viral adenovirus keratitis

Answer 12

comes on after URTI/cnojuctivitis

usually bilateral

Question 13

fungal keratitis

Answer 13

O: aspergillus and candida

a: gardeners or farmers with abrasion
mx: topical antigungals

Question 14

CLARE keratitis

Answer 14

contact lens acute red eye keratitis
O: acanthamoeba
A: contact lenses washed under tap water
s/s: pain, white spot on eye

Question 15

2 types of cellulitis are

Answer 15

pre-septal and orbital

Question 16

pre-septal cellulitis

Answer 16

infection of the tissue around orbital septum
O; staph a, strep, haemophilus
s/s: eyelid swelling, hot, red
ix: CT to distinguish between pre-septal or orbital
mx: fluclox

Question 17

orbital cellulitis

Answer 17

infection around eyeball and tissue behind orbital septum
infection comes up from sinuses
pain on movement, proptosis, pyrexia, perinasal sinus involvement
mx: IV abx boradspec and consider drainage

Question 18

what is endopthalmitis

Answer 18

infection of whole eye/ inner contents of eye

Question 19

aetiology of endopthalmitis

Answer 19

eye surgery- mainly cataracts surgery

Question 20

s/s endopthalmitis

Answer 20

superrr painful, really red, dec vision

Question 21

mx of endopthalmitis

Answer 21

intravitreal sample take and intravitreal abx

Question 22

what is chorioretinitis

Answer 22

infection of the choroid and retina

A: CMV with AIDS, HSV/HZV, toxoplasma Gondii, toxocara

Question 23

dacrocystitis is

Answer 23

infection of lacrimal gland

Question 24

difference between blepharitis, stye and chalazion

Answer 24

blepharitis: inflammation of eyelid due to dysfunction of meibomian gland- tx with lubricants (hypromellose)
stye: specifically hordeolum internum is infection of meibomian gland
chalazion: meibomian gland blockage

Question 25

entropin, entropin and trichiasis are all pathologies involving what…

Answer 25

eyelashes

entropion: inward folding of eyelid
ectropion: outward folding of eyelid
trichiasis: inward growth of eyelashes