Gradual Visual Loss

Question 1

causes of gradual vision loss

Answer 1

ARMD (dry)
Blur (refractive error- glasses)
Cataracts
Diabetes 
Glaucoma (open angle)

Question 2

cataracts is…

Answer 2

clouding of the lens- abnormal change in lens proteins

Question 3

in cataracts, a cell becomes

Answer 3

a fibrous deposit

Question 4

aetiology of cataracts

Answer 4

diabetes, UVB, age, HT, smoking, steroids

Question 5

types of cataracts

Answer 5

nuclear sclerosis, Christmas tree, congenital, posterior sub scapular (inflammation), flower shaped (blunt trauma)

Question 6

s/s of cataracts

Answer 6

haziness/bluriness, glare, sunbursts

Question 7

main ix finding for cataracts

Answer 7

loss of red reflex

Question 8

mx of cataracts

Answer 8

surgical removal and replacement with artificial lens

Question 9

what is papilloedema

Answer 9

bilateral optic disc swelling 2y to inc ICP due to a space occupying lesion*

Question 10

pathophysiology of papilloedema

Answer 10

inc ICP > transmitted to Sub arachnoid space of optic nerve > pressure on optic nerve

Question 11

3 main generic causes of papilloedema

Answer 11

brain- tumours
blood- malignant HT
CSF- raised pressure e.g. idiopathic intracranial HT

Question 12

s/s of papilloedema

Answer 12

optic swelling, haemorrhage, high BP

Question 13

ophthalmoscopy checks…

Answer 13

CN 2