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Biochem Lec > TRANSRIPTION AND TRANSLATION > Flashcards

TRANSRIPTION AND TRANSLATION Flashcards

1
Q

process of synthesizing
mRNA from genomic DNA

A

TRANSCRIPTIO

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2
Q

DNA molecule is copied into an mRNA molecule

A

TRANSCRIPTION

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3
Q

ENZYME RESPONSIBLE FOR TRANSCRIPTION

A

DNA-dependent RNA Polymerase

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4
Q

What are the 4 ribonucleoside triphosphate required in RNA Synthesis

A

ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP

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5
Q

Is primer required in RNA synthesis?

A

YES

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6
Q

How idoes RNA chain grows from what start and end?

A

5’ to 3’

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7
Q

Does the nucleotide at the 5’ end of the chain retains it’s triphosphate group?

A

Yes

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8
Q

How many strant of DNA does the RNA polymerase need?

A

one starand

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9
Q

Is the template unchanged in RNA synthsis

A

Yes

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10
Q

basic unit of heredity

A

Gene

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11
Q

regulation of proteins in the DNA

A

Gene

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12
Q

What does one gene is compost of what regions

A

Promoter
Coding Region
Termination sequence

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13
Q

portion of the DNA which controls gene expression

A

Regulatory gene

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14
Q

portion of the DNA which is transcribes into mRNA

A

Structural Gene

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15
Q

Non template strand

A

Coding Semse

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16
Q

Template Strand

A

Non-coding/Anti-sense

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17
Q

Enumerate the process of transcription

A
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18
Q

what does RNA polymerase initiate?

A

mRNA synthesis; always starts with purine

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19
Q

how many Nucleotides does RNA polymerase holoenzyme-catalyzed Elongation of mRNA y about?

A

4 more nucleotides

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20
Q

What happens when the release of a-subunit as core RNA polymerase proceeds down the template

A

Elongating RNA transcript

21
Q

Initiation of transcription steps

A
  1. Tata Binds to promoter region
  2. RNA polymerase bind to promoter; Transcription factors
  3. Clearance
22
Q

TATAAT

A

Pribnow box of prokaryotic promoter site

23
Q

TATAAA

A

Tata (HOGNESS) box

24
Q

Initiation of Transcription

A
  1. Sigma Factors; RNA Polymerase; Close promoter complex
  2. Unwind DNA; Open promoter complex
25
Q

It regulates the transcription by clearing the transcription basal complex

A

Enhancers

26
Q

How is ribonucleoside linked from what direction by the RNA polymerase?

A

5’ to 3’ direction

27
Q

In Elongation how many strand of the DNA duplex is utilized for transcription?

A

One

28
Q

Removing negative or positive supercoil

A

Transcription

29
Q

Termination of transcription

A
  1. Termination sequence
  2. Poly A tail
  3. mRNA released
30
Q

What are post transcription al modification of RNA processing in Eukaryotes

A

Addition of 5’ capping
Splicing of introns
Polyadenylation at 3’ tail

31
Q

Addition of GMP in an inverted orientation by guanylyl transferase

A

5’ Capping

32
Q

Methylation of C7 at G by guanine methyltransferase

A

5’ Capping

33
Q

Functions of 5’ Capping

A
  • Prevents 5’ end from being digested
    • Aids in the transport of mRNA out of the nucleus
    • Plays a role in the initiation of mRNA translation
34
Q

that do not appear in the final mRNA of that gene product.

A

Intervening base sequences

35
Q

Expressed DNA sequences

A

exons

36
Q

Intervening DNA sequences that are not expressed

A

Intons

37
Q

is made up of snRNAs associated with snRNPs

A

Spliceosome

38
Q

100-200 Nucleotides long, added to the 3’ end before the mRNA leaves the nucleus

A

Polyadenylation “tail”

39
Q

protects the mRNA from nucleases
and phosphatases

A

polyadenylate “tail”

40
Q

Synthesis of polypeptide using the mRNA transcript as the template

A

Translation

41
Q

3 bases in the mRNA which encone an amino acid

A

Codon

42
Q

3 bases in the tRNA which is complementary to the codon

A

anti-codon

43
Q

A codon relates the genetic information to an amino which can be deciphered using?

A

Genetic dode

44
Q

What are the key features of the Genetic Code

A

Triplet
Nonoverlapping
Commaless
Degenerate
Universal

45
Q

What are the steps in translation?

A

Amino acid activation
Chain Initiation
Chain Elongation
Chain Termination

46
Q

tRNA is charged with the amino acid at the 3’ end

A

AMINO ACID ACTIVATION

47
Q

Initiation factors, ribosomes (30S and 50S) and f-met tRNA bind to the RNA

A

Chain Initiation

48
Q

at the start of 5’ end beside the start codon

A

Shine-Dalgarno sequence

Biochem Lec (10 decks)

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