TRANSRIPTION AND TRANSLATION

Question 1

process of synthesizing
mRNA from genomic DNA

Answer 1

TRANSCRIPTIO

Question 2

DNA molecule is copied into an mRNA molecule

Answer 2

TRANSCRIPTION

Question 3

ENZYME RESPONSIBLE FOR TRANSCRIPTION

Answer 3

DNA-dependent RNA Polymerase

Question 4

What are the 4 ribonucleoside triphosphate required in RNA Synthesis

Answer 4

ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP

Question 5

Is primer required in RNA synthesis?

Answer 5

YES

Question 6

How idoes RNA chain grows from what start and end?

Answer 6

5’ to 3’

Question 7

Does the nucleotide at the 5’ end of the chain retains it’s triphosphate group?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

How many strant of DNA does the RNA polymerase need?

Answer 8

one starand

Question 9

Is the template unchanged in RNA synthsis

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

basic unit of heredity

Answer 10

Gene

Question 11

regulation of proteins in the DNA

Answer 11

Gene

Question 12

What does one gene is compost of what regions

Answer 12

Promoter
Coding Region
Termination sequence

Question 13

portion of the DNA which controls gene expression

Answer 13

Regulatory gene

Question 14

portion of the DNA which is transcribes into mRNA

Answer 14

Structural Gene

Question 15

Non template strand

Answer 15

Coding Semse

Question 16

Template Strand

Answer 16

Non-coding/Anti-sense

Question 17

Enumerate the process of transcription

Question 18

what does RNA polymerase initiate?

Answer 18

mRNA synthesis; always starts with purine

Question 19

how many Nucleotides does RNA polymerase holoenzyme-catalyzed Elongation of mRNA y about?

Answer 19

4 more nucleotides

Question 20

What happens when the release of a-subunit as core RNA polymerase proceeds down the template

Answer 20

Elongating RNA transcript

Question 21

Initiation of transcription steps

Answer 21

1. Tata Binds to promoter region
2. RNA polymerase bind to promoter; Transcription factors
3. Clearance

Question 22

TATAAT

Answer 22

Pribnow box of prokaryotic promoter site

Question 23

TATAAA

Answer 23

Tata (HOGNESS) box

Question 24

Initiation of Transcription

Answer 24

1. Sigma Factors; RNA Polymerase; Close promoter complex
2. Unwind DNA; Open promoter complex

Question 25

It regulates the transcription by clearing the transcription basal complex

Answer 25

Enhancers

Question 26

How is ribonucleoside linked from what direction by the RNA polymerase?

Answer 26

5' to 3' direction

Question 27

In Elongation how many strand of the DNA duplex is utilized for transcription?

Answer 27

One

Question 28

Removing negative or positive supercoil

Answer 28

Transcription

Question 29

Termination of transcription

Answer 29

1. Termination sequence 2. Poly A tail 3. mRNA released

Question 30

What are post transcription al modification of RNA processing in Eukaryotes

Answer 30

Addition of 5' capping Splicing of introns Polyadenylation at 3' tail

Question 31

Addition of GMP in an inverted orientation by guanylyl transferase

Answer 31

5' Capping

Question 32

Methylation of C7 at G by guanine methyltransferase

Answer 32

5' Capping

Question 33

Functions of 5' Capping

Answer 33

- Prevents 5’ end from being digested • Aids in the transport of mRNA out of the nucleus • Plays a role in the initiation of mRNA translation

Question 34

that do not appear in the final mRNA of that gene product.

Answer 34

Intervening base sequences

Question 35

Expressed DNA sequences

Answer 35

exons

Question 36

Intervening DNA sequences that are not expressed

Answer 36

Intons

Question 37

is made up of snRNAs associated with snRNPs

Answer 37

Spliceosome

Question 38

100-200 Nucleotides long, added to the 3' end before the mRNA leaves the nucleus

Answer 38

Polyadenylation "tail"

Question 39

protects the mRNA from nucleases and phosphatases

Answer 39

polyadenylate “tail”

Question 40

Synthesis of polypeptide using the mRNA transcript as the template

Answer 40

Translation

Question 41

3 bases in the mRNA which encone an amino acid

Answer 41

Codon

Question 42

3 bases in the tRNA which is complementary to the codon

Answer 42

anti-codon

Question 43

A codon relates the genetic information to an amino which can be deciphered using?

Answer 43

Genetic dode

Question 44

What are the key features of the Genetic Code

Answer 44

Triplet Nonoverlapping Commaless Degenerate Universal

Question 45

What are the steps in translation?

Answer 45

Amino acid activation Chain Initiation Chain Elongation Chain Termination

Question 46

tRNA is charged with the amino acid at the 3’ end

Answer 46

AMINO ACID ACTIVATION

Question 47

Initiation factors, ribosomes (30S and 50S) and f-met tRNA bind to the RNA

Answer 47

Chain Initiation

Question 48

at the start of 5' end beside the start codon

Answer 48

Shine-Dalgarno sequence