The Central Dogma of Molecular Biologu: Replication

Question 1

the process where the dna is utilized as template

Answer 1

Transcription

Question 2

Product of transcription

Answer 2

mRNA

Question 3

you produce your product the protein which is based on the transcript

Answer 3

Translation

Question 4

dictates the order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

Answer 4

Mature Transcript

Question 5

utilized the mechanisms of its host cell to produce the DNA

Answer 5

Viruses

Question 6

has an RNA in their genetic material their RNA is rreversed transcribed to form the dna

Answer 6

Viruses

Question 7

the dna is utlized for gene expression, mrna amplification of genetic material

Answer 7

Viruses

Question 8

What replication is viruses called

Answer 8

RNA replciation

Question 9

is a requirement of cell division. This happens inside the nucleus during S- Phase of the cell cycle

Answer 9

DNA replication

Question 10

Where does cell cycle regulation take place?

Answer 10

S phase or G pase

Question 11

what does anticancer agents target?

Answer 11

G1 phase and S phase

Question 12

uncontrolled cell division

Answer 12

Cancers

Question 13

only ONE strand is synthesiszed from each daughter DNA is distributed to cell offsprings

Answer 13

Semi-Conservative

Question 14

what ever is coming from the parent dna, both are new and the other one is dispersive, certain portions are transferred is from one of the daughter strands and the other is dispersed to the other.

Answer 14

Conservative model

Question 15

origin of replication going counter clock wise and counter clockwise until it meet a certain portion of the gene, it either goes left or right, hanggang sa magkasalubong sila para ma meet ang replication process

Answer 15

Bidirectional

Question 16

Lagging strand

Answer 16

Semi-discontinous

Question 17

Small fragment is product of discontinous synthesis

Answer 17

Ozaki fragments

Question 18

Where does DNA replication initiation happen?

Answer 18

Origin of Replciation

Question 19

unwinds the DNA

Answer 19

Helicase

Question 20

assist in DNA unwinding

Answer 20

Topoisomerase

Question 21

binds to the separated strand to stabilize the DNA

Answer 21

Single Stranded binding proteins

Question 22

ORIC

Answer 22

Prokaryotes

Question 23

responsible and retaining and stabilizing the single stranded DNA

Answer 23

SSBP

Question 24

What is added to DNA during initiation?

Answer 24

RNA primers

Question 25

attaches the appropriate nucleotide from a 3' to 5' direction

Answer 25

DNA polymerase III

Question 26

DNA polymerase III

Answer 26

DNA replication: Elongation

Question 27

continuous

Answer 27

Leading strand

Question 28

Discontinuous

Answer 28

Lagging strand

Question 29

what does lagging strand forms?

Answer 29

Okazaki fragments

Question 30

how does elongation happen when attaching a complementary base to a

Answer 30

Growing strand

Question 31

serves as the template for complementary base pairing

Answer 31

Parental strand

Question 32

How fast is replication happening?

Answer 32

10^3 nucleotides/sec

Question 33

Errors in replication

Answer 33

Mutation

Question 34

occurs spontaneously onlu once in every 10*9 to 10^9 base pairs

Answer 34

Mutation

Question 35

DNA pol I and III

Answer 35

3' -> 5' exonuclease activity

Question 36

removes mispaired nucleotides from the 3' end of the growing DNA

Answer 36

3' -> 5' exonuclease activity

Question 37

This function is key in maintaining the accuracy of DNA synthesis

Answer 37

3' -> 5' exonuclease activity

Question 38

Removes the mismatched nucleotide and RNA primers

Answer 38

DNA polymerase I

Question 39

Can remove up to 10 nucleotides in the 5' direction downstream from a 3'-OH single-strand nick

Answer 39

DNA polymerase I

Question 40

What is the net effect of DNA polymerase if the 5' to 3' polymerase activity fills in the gap?

Answer 40

Nick translation

Question 41

removes connects the nick left by the discontinuous synthesis of DNA

Answer 41

DNA ligase

Question 42

actually connects the nick through DNA linings

Answer 42

DNA ligase

Question 43

Where does DNA replication happen?

Answer 43

S phase

Question 44

It is a terminator sequence, which recognition site for a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein called?

Answer 44

Tus proteins

Question 45

what does the orientation of bound Tus relies on what orientation of?

Answer 45

termination sequences

Question 46

Allows a replication fork to pass if the fork is moving in one direction, but blocks progress if the fork is moving in the opposite direction around the genome

Answer 46

Tus protein

Question 47

Where does DNA replciation happen?

Answer 47

S-Phase

Question 48

S-phase reuqires what

Answer 48

Cell division

Question 49

DNA replication is semi-conservative, semi-discontinuous, bidrirection and proceeds on a 5' to 3' direction

Question 50

What happens during initiaitoon of DNA replication?

Answer 50

DNaA helicase unwinds helix SSBPs stabilzie the DNA single strand PRimase attaches the RNA primers to the template strand

Question 52

What happens during elongation of DNA replication

Answer 52

1. DNA polymerase III attahces the nucleotide to the 3' end of the growing strand 2. Okazaki fragments are formed from the discontinuos synthesis of the strand

Question 53

What happens during DNA replciation durign proof reading

Answer 53

1. DNA polymerase I scans and removes mismatch and RNA primes 2. DNA ligase connects the nciks formed from discontinuous synthesis

Question 54

What happens during termination of DNA replciation?

Answer 54

Tus proteins recognizes a termination sequence on the DNA