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Biochem Lec > The Central Dogma of Molecular Biologu: Replication > Flashcards

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biologu: Replication Flashcards

1
Q

the process where the dna is utilized as template

A

Transcription

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2
Q

Product of transcription

A

mRNA

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3
Q

you produce your product the protein which is based on the transcript

A

Translation

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4
Q

dictates the order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

A

Mature Transcript

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5
Q

utilized the mechanisms of its host cell to produce the DNA

A

Viruses

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6
Q

has an RNA in their genetic material their RNA is rreversed transcribed to form the dna

A

Viruses

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7
Q

the dna is utlized for gene expression, mrna amplification of genetic material

A

Viruses

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8
Q

What replication is viruses called

A

RNA replciation

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9
Q

is a requirement of cell division. This happens inside the nucleus during S- Phase of the cell cycle

A

DNA replication

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10
Q

Where does cell cycle regulation take place?

A

S phase or G pase

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11
Q

what does anticancer agents target?

A

G1 phase and S phase

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12
Q

uncontrolled cell division

A

Cancers

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13
Q

only ONE strand is synthesiszed from each daughter DNA is distributed to cell offsprings

A

Semi-Conservative

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14
Q

what ever is coming from the parent dna, both are new and the other one is dispersive, certain portions are transferred is from one of the daughter strands and the other is dispersed to the other.

A

Conservative model

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15
Q

origin of replication going counter clock wise and counter clockwise until it meet a certain portion of the gene, it either goes left or right, hanggang sa magkasalubong sila para ma meet ang replication process

A

Bidirectional

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16
Q

Lagging strand

A

Semi-discontinous

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17
Q

Small fragment is product of discontinous synthesis

A

Ozaki fragments

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18
Q

Where does DNA replication initiation happen?

A

Origin of Replciation

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19
Q

unwinds the DNA

A

Helicase

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20
Q

assist in DNA unwinding

A

Topoisomerase

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21
Q

binds to the separated strand to stabilize the DNA

A

Single Stranded binding proteins

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22
Q

ORIC

A

Prokaryotes

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23
Q

responsible and retaining and stabilizing the single stranded DNA

A

SSBP

24
Q

What is added to DNA during initiation?

A

RNA primers

25
Q

attaches the appropriate nucleotide from a 3’ to 5’ direction

A

DNA polymerase III

26
Q

DNA polymerase III

A

DNA replication: Elongation

27
Q

continuous

A

Leading strand

28
Q

Discontinuous

A

Lagging strand

29
Q

what does lagging strand forms?

A

Okazaki fragments

30
Q

how does elongation happen when attaching a complementary base to a

A

Growing strand

31
Q

serves as the template for complementary base pairing

A

Parental strand

32
Q

How fast is replication happening?

A

10^3 nucleotides/sec

33
Q

Errors in replication

A

Mutation

34
Q

occurs spontaneously onlu once in every 10*9 to 10^9 base pairs

A

Mutation

35
Q

DNA pol I and III

A

3’ -> 5’ exonuclease activity

36
Q

removes mispaired nucleotides from the 3’ end of the growing DNA

A

3’ -> 5’ exonuclease activity

37
Q

This function is key in maintaining the accuracy of DNA synthesis

A

3’ -> 5’ exonuclease activity

38
Q

Removes the mismatched nucleotide and RNA primers

A

DNA polymerase I

39
Q

Can remove up to 10 nucleotides in the 5’ direction downstream from a 3’-OH single-strand nick

A

DNA polymerase I

40
Q

What is the net effect of DNA polymerase if the 5’ to 3’ polymerase activity fills in the gap?

A

Nick translation

41
Q

removes connects the nick left by the discontinuous synthesis of DNA

A

DNA ligase

42
Q

actually connects the nick through DNA linings

A

DNA ligase

43
Q

Where does DNA replication happen?

A

S phase

44
Q

It is a terminator sequence, which recognition site for a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein called?

A

Tus proteins

45
Q

what does the orientation of bound Tus relies on what orientation of?

A

termination sequences

46
Q

Allows a replication fork to pass if the fork is moving in one direction, but blocks progress if the fork is moving in the opposite direction around the genome

A

Tus protein

47
Q

Where does DNA replciation happen?

A

S-Phase

48
Q

S-phase reuqires what

A

Cell division

49
Q

DNA replication is semi-conservative, semi-discontinuous, bidrirection and proceeds on a 5’ to 3’ direction

A
50
Q

What happens during initiaitoon of DNA replication?

A

DNaA helicase unwinds helix

SSBPs stabilzie the DNA single strand

PRimase attaches the RNA primers to the template strand

51
Q
A
52
Q

What happens during elongation of DNA replication

A
  1. DNA polymerase III attahces the nucleotide to the 3’ end of the growing strand
  2. Okazaki fragments are formed from the discontinuos synthesis of the strand
53
Q

What happens during DNA replciation durign proof reading

A
  1. DNA polymerase I scans and removes mismatch and RNA primes
  2. DNA ligase connects the nciks formed from discontinuous synthesis
54
Q

What happens during termination of DNA replciation?

A

Tus proteins recognizes a termination sequence on the DNA

55
Q
A

Biochem Lec (10 decks)

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