The Central Dogma of Molecular Biologu: Replication Flashcards
the process where the dna is utilized as template
Transcription
Product of transcription
mRNA
you produce your product the protein which is based on the transcript
Translation
dictates the order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
Mature Transcript
utilized the mechanisms of its host cell to produce the DNA
Viruses
has an RNA in their genetic material their RNA is rreversed transcribed to form the dna
Viruses
the dna is utlized for gene expression, mrna amplification of genetic material
Viruses
What replication is viruses called
RNA replciation
is a requirement of cell division. This happens inside the nucleus during S- Phase of the cell cycle
DNA replication
Where does cell cycle regulation take place?
S phase or G pase
what does anticancer agents target?
G1 phase and S phase
uncontrolled cell division
Cancers
only ONE strand is synthesiszed from each daughter DNA is distributed to cell offsprings
Semi-Conservative
what ever is coming from the parent dna, both are new and the other one is dispersive, certain portions are transferred is from one of the daughter strands and the other is dispersed to the other.
Conservative model
origin of replication going counter clock wise and counter clockwise until it meet a certain portion of the gene, it either goes left or right, hanggang sa magkasalubong sila para ma meet ang replication process
Bidirectional
Lagging strand
Semi-discontinous
Small fragment is product of discontinous synthesis
Ozaki fragments
Where does DNA replication initiation happen?
Origin of Replciation
unwinds the DNA
Helicase
assist in DNA unwinding
Topoisomerase
binds to the separated strand to stabilize the DNA
Single Stranded binding proteins
ORIC
Prokaryotes
responsible and retaining and stabilizing the single stranded DNA
SSBP
What is added to DNA during initiation?
RNA primers
attaches the appropriate nucleotide from a 3’ to 5’ direction
DNA polymerase III
DNA polymerase III
DNA replication: Elongation
continuous
Leading strand
Discontinuous
Lagging strand
what does lagging strand forms?
Okazaki fragments
how does elongation happen when attaching a complementary base to a
Growing strand
serves as the template for complementary base pairing
Parental strand
How fast is replication happening?
10^3 nucleotides/sec
Errors in replication
Mutation
occurs spontaneously onlu once in every 10*9 to 10^9 base pairs
Mutation
DNA pol I and III
3’ -> 5’ exonuclease activity
removes mispaired nucleotides from the 3’ end of the growing DNA
3’ -> 5’ exonuclease activity
This function is key in maintaining the accuracy of DNA synthesis
3’ -> 5’ exonuclease activity
Removes the mismatched nucleotide and RNA primers
DNA polymerase I
Can remove up to 10 nucleotides in the 5’ direction downstream from a 3’-OH single-strand nick
DNA polymerase I
What is the net effect of DNA polymerase if the 5’ to 3’ polymerase activity fills in the gap?
Nick translation
removes connects the nick left by the discontinuous synthesis of DNA
DNA ligase
actually connects the nick through DNA linings
DNA ligase
Where does DNA replication happen?
S phase
It is a terminator sequence, which recognition site for a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein called?
Tus proteins
what does the orientation of bound Tus relies on what orientation of?
termination sequences
Allows a replication fork to pass if the fork is moving in one direction, but blocks progress if the fork is moving in the opposite direction around the genome
Tus protein
Where does DNA replciation happen?
S-Phase
S-phase reuqires what
Cell division
DNA replication is semi-conservative, semi-discontinuous, bidrirection and proceeds on a 5’ to 3’ direction
What happens during initiaitoon of DNA replication?
DNaA helicase unwinds helix
SSBPs stabilzie the DNA single strand
PRimase attaches the RNA primers to the template strand
What happens during elongation of DNA replication
- DNA polymerase III attahces the nucleotide to the 3’ end of the growing strand
- Okazaki fragments are formed from the discontinuos synthesis of the strand
What happens during DNA replciation durign proof reading
- DNA polymerase I scans and removes mismatch and RNA primes
- DNA ligase connects the nciks formed from discontinuous synthesis
What happens during termination of DNA replciation?
Tus proteins recognizes a termination sequence on the DNA
