Transposable Elements Flashcards

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1
Q

Transposable elements

A

Segments of DNA that have the capacity to move in the genome

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2
Q

Replicative transposition

A
  1. Transposable element is duplicated
  2. TE is made into RNA and reverse transcribed into DNA
  3. DNA is inserted into genome
    “Copy and paste”
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3
Q

Retrotransposons

A

Replicative TEs

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4
Q

Conservative transposition

A

TE is cut out of genome and is inserted elsewhere

“Cut and paste”

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5
Q

Genes found in transposable elements

A

Transposase: endonuclease (cuts within sequence) that cuts DNA
Enzyme to paste gene back in
Reverse transcriptase
Repeats in nucleotides at the ends of TEs: terminal repeats

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6
Q

Ways that transposable elements can reorganize the genome

A
  1. Disrupt reading frame
  2. Insertion into regulatory sequence: new expression pattern
  3. Excision of TE with parts of other genes: “messy” transposition can cause deletions
  4. Recombination of 2 TEs: pieces of the two genes that contain the TEs are fused together
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7
Q

Autonomous transposable elements

A

Can move by themselves

Encode transposase

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8
Q

Nonautonomous transposable elements

A

Lack transposes and can’t move by themselves

Require help from autonomous TEs

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