Mendel and Meiosis Flashcards
Cell cycle
2 phases: M phase (mitotic phase; division) and interphase (replication of chromosomes in preparation for cell division)
3 parts of interphase
G1, S (DNA replication), G2
Gametogenesis
Formation of haploid gametes in animals
Sporogenesis
Formation of haploid spores in plants and fungi
Prophase I
Chromosomes condense
Synapsis: homologous chromosomes line up and connect to each other by a synaptonemal complex
Crossing over
Metaphase I
Chromosomes line up by homologous pairs along the metaphase plate
Random lineup of pairs
Anaphase I
Each pair of homologous chromosomes separates
Telophase I
Two haploid cells form
Each chromosome consists of 2 sister chromatids
Prophase II
Same as regular prophase (chromosomes condense, mitotic spindle starts to form, etc.)
Metaphase II
Sister chromatids align
Anaphase II
Sister chromatids separate
Telophase II
4 unique haploid daughter cells form
Crossing over
Occurs during prophase I
Genetic recombination: mixing of alleles, creating new allelic combinations in chromatids
Chiasma
Cross-like structure where crossing over occurs
Tetrad
Homologous pair of chromosomes each with 2 sister chromatids