transports (active, passive etc)

Question 1

moves a substance against its concentration gradient of low to high

Answer 1

active transport

Question 2

what are some functions of active transport?

Answer 2

uptake of nutrients in the cell
removing waste
maintain the ions in a gradient

Question 3

why does active transport require energy?

Answer 3

because it’s moving a gradient from LOW to high which needs energy

Question 4

active transport requires membrane proteins that will help with the transport of specific molecules, which proteins are they?

Answer 4

integral proteins!

Question 5

a separation of charge across the membrane

Answer 5

membrane potential

Question 6

what is membrane potential caused by?

Answer 6

its caused by the concentration gradient of ions

Question 7

where is the most amount of negative ions found in the membrane?

Answer 7

inside membrane

Question 8

where are most amount of positive charges found in the membrane?

Answer 8

outside membrane

Question 9

what are the to types of active transport?

Answer 9

primary active transport and secondary active transport

Question 10

what’s the difference between primary active and secondary active transport?

Answer 10

the difference between these is that primary gets its energy derived from ATP, whereas in secondary, the energy comes from energy stored in the ionic concentration between the two difference sides of the membrane

Question 11

what are some similarities between primary and secondary?

Answer 11

both use transport proteins (they get their energies to move these proteins differently though)

Question 12

what does primary active transport TRANSPORT?

Answer 12

it transports positvely charged ions against their concentration gradient

Question 13

what does this transportation cause?

Answer 13

it creates a membrane potential

Question 14

what are some examples of a primary active transport?

Answer 14

• proton (H+) pump

- sodium-potassium pump

Question 15

what does ATP hydrolysis do to transport proteins though?

Answer 15

it causes transport proteins to change shape

Question 16

the proton pump pumps hydrogen ions out of the cell via active transport, what does this pup do to the cell?

Answer 16

it creates a concentration gradient because the ions are moving out of the cell

which also creates a membrane potential

Question 17

sodium potassium pump also uses ATP hydrolysis because its an example of primary active transport, what is the process of this pump?

Answer 17

• 3 na+ bind to protein cytoplasmic side
• atp is broken down and phosphate is added to the pump
• transport pump changes shape of face extracellular side (3 na+ are released)
• 2 K+ bind on extracellular side which triggers the release of the phosphate
• transport pump goes back to OG shape to face the cytoplasmic side
• 2 K+ are released, pump is ready to be reused

Question 18

what does the sodium potassium pump contribute?

Answer 18

• 3 Na+ out of the cell

- 2 K+ in the cell

Question 19

how does this pump create a membrane potential?

Answer 19

because the sodium-potassium pump is an electrogenic pump, which is a pump that releases positive charges creating a positive voltage, which in turn, creates membrane potential

Question 20

where does secondary active transport get its energy from if it doesn’t use ATP hydrolysis?

Answer 20

transport proteins will use the energy stored in ion gradients

Question 21

to transport solutes, they are

Answer 21

coupled with diffusion of ions

Question 22

where does this energy from the ion gradient come from?

Answer 22

it comes from the ion gradient created by the primary active transporter that uses ATP as energy source

Question 23

what are the two types of secondary active transporter

Answer 23

• symport

- antiport

Question 24

the transported solute moves in the SAME direction of the gradient of the driving ion

Answer 24

symport

Question 25

the transported solute moves in the direction OPPOSITE from the gradient of the driving ion

Answer 25

antiport

Question 26

the transported solute moves in the direction OPPOSITE from the gradient of the driving ion

Answer 26

antiport

Question 27

Sucrose-H+ cotransporter

Answer 27

the energy comes from the ion gradient and not directly from ATP

Question 28

movement of large particles or large amounts of material across he cell membrane

Answer 28

Bulk transport

Question 29

what energy does this type of transport require?

Answer 29

ATP

Question 30

what does this ATP help with in bulk transport?

Answer 30

• moement of membrne to create vesicle so it can carry material
• movemnt of vescile around the cell so the material can be moved to where it needs to go

Question 31

where is the vescile?

Answer 31

in the cytoplasm

Question 32

cells secrete protein and mother molecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane

Answer 32

exocytosis

Question 33

cells take in materials by forming new vesciles rom the plasma membrane

Answer 33

endocytosis

Question 34

cell engulfs particles using pseudopodia and is sued for eating things and sellf defense

Answer 34

phagocytosis

Question 35

cell non specifically engulfs extracellular fluid and takes in liquids and dissolved solute however it doesn’t concentrate the solutes

Answer 35

pinocytosis

Question 36

used for uptake of higher concentration of specific molecules and uses receptor molecules

Answer 36

receptor-mediated endocytosis

when molecules bind to the receptors it forms vesicles.