transports (active, passive etc) Flashcards
moves a substance against its concentration gradient of low to high
active transport
what are some functions of active transport?
uptake of nutrients in the cell
removing waste
maintain the ions in a gradient
why does active transport require energy?
because it’s moving a gradient from LOW to high which needs energy
active transport requires membrane proteins that will help with the transport of specific molecules, which proteins are they?
integral proteins!
a separation of charge across the membrane
membrane potential
what is membrane potential caused by?
its caused by the concentration gradient of ions
where is the most amount of negative ions found in the membrane?
inside membrane
where are most amount of positive charges found in the membrane?
outside membrane
what are the to types of active transport?
primary active transport and secondary active transport
what’s the difference between primary active and secondary active transport?
the difference between these is that primary gets its energy derived from ATP, whereas in secondary, the energy comes from energy stored in the ionic concentration between the two difference sides of the membrane
what are some similarities between primary and secondary?
both use transport proteins (they get their energies to move these proteins differently though)
what does primary active transport TRANSPORT?
it transports positvely charged ions against their concentration gradient
what does this transportation cause?
it creates a membrane potential
what are some examples of a primary active transport?
- proton (H+) pump
- sodium-potassium pump
what does ATP hydrolysis do to transport proteins though?
it causes transport proteins to change shape
the proton pump pumps hydrogen ions out of the cell via active transport, what does this pup do to the cell?
it creates a concentration gradient because the ions are moving out of the cell
which also creates a membrane potential
sodium potassium pump also uses ATP hydrolysis because its an example of primary active transport, what is the process of this pump?
- 3 na+ bind to protein cytoplasmic side
- atp is broken down and phosphate is added to the pump
- transport pump changes shape of face extracellular side (3 na+ are released)
- 2 K+ bind on extracellular side which triggers the release of the phosphate
- transport pump goes back to OG shape to face the cytoplasmic side
- 2 K+ are released, pump is ready to be reused
what does the sodium potassium pump contribute?
- 3 Na+ out of the cell
- 2 K+ in the cell
how does this pump create a membrane potential?
because the sodium-potassium pump is an electrogenic pump, which is a pump that releases positive charges creating a positive voltage, which in turn, creates membrane potential
where does secondary active transport get its energy from if it doesn’t use ATP hydrolysis?
transport proteins will use the energy stored in ion gradients
to transport solutes, they are
coupled with diffusion of ions
where does this energy from the ion gradient come from?
it comes from the ion gradient created by the primary active transporter that uses ATP as energy source
what are the two types of secondary active transporter
- symport
- antiport
the transported solute moves in the SAME direction of the gradient of the driving ion
symport
the transported solute moves in the direction OPPOSITE from the gradient of the driving ion
antiport
the transported solute moves in the direction OPPOSITE from the gradient of the driving ion
antiport
Sucrose-H+ cotransporter
the energy comes from the ion gradient and not directly from ATP
movement of large particles or large amounts of material across he cell membrane
Bulk transport
what energy does this type of transport require?
ATP
what does this ATP help with in bulk transport?
- moement of membrne to create vesicle so it can carry material
- movemnt of vescile around the cell so the material can be moved to where it needs to go
where is the vescile?
in the cytoplasm
cells secrete protein and mother molecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane
exocytosis
cells take in materials by forming new vesciles rom the plasma membrane
endocytosis
cell engulfs particles using pseudopodia and is sued for eating things and sellf defense
phagocytosis
cell non specifically engulfs extracellular fluid and takes in liquids and dissolved solute however it doesn’t concentrate the solutes
pinocytosis
used for uptake of higher concentration of specific molecules and uses receptor molecules
receptor-mediated endocytosis
when molecules bind to the receptors it forms vesicles.
