Transporting Materials Flashcards
What does the circulatory system consist of
Blood vessels, the heart, and blood
The heart is a ………. Organ which is actually ….. Pumps held together
Muscular
Two
How does the right pump help pump blood around the body
It forces deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it picks up oxygen and loses co2
After returning to he heart what happens to the oxygenated blood
It is pumped to the rest of the body by the left pump
How many chambers does the heart have
4
What are the upper chambers of the heart called
Atria
Where do the Atari receive blood from
The vena cava on the right and the pulmonary vein on the left
How does the blood move t the ventricles
The atria contract to move the blood into the lower chambers
When the ventricles contract what happens
They force blood into the pulmonary artery from the rich and the aorta from the left.
What prevents blood flowing in the wrong direction
Heart valves
The heart is supplied with oxygenated blood via the ……….l ……….
Coronary arteries
What does the actions on the two sides of the heart result in
Double circulation
What is the circulation sequence
Veins -> atria -> ventricles -> arteries
What do arteries do
Carry blood away from the heart
What do arteries have
Thick walls containing muscle and elastic tissue
What do valves have
They have thinner walls than arteries
Often have valves along their lengths to prevent back flow of blood
What are capillaries
Narrow, thin walled vessels
What do the capillaries do
Carry the blood through the organs and allow the exchange of substances with all the living cells in the body
What happens if blood vessels are blocked
The blood will not flow efficiently and organs will be deprived of nutrients and oxygen
What are stents
Metal mesh which is placed in arteries to keep them open
When are stents useful
They are useful for widening the coronary artery which become narrowed due to fatty deposits, which cut off the blood supply to the heart muscle
What could happen if you have leaky valves
Blood could flow in the wrong direction
What can be put in to replace damaged valves
Artificial or animal valves
How are stents implanted
The stent in implanted with a ballon, the balloon is inflated to open the blood vessel and then the balloon is popped and the stent holds the artery open
What is blood
A. Tissue
What does plasma contain
Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
What’s plasma
The clear yellow liquid part of the blood which carries dissolved substances and blood cells around the body
What are platelets
Fragment of cell in the blood which is vital for the clotting mechanisms to work
What does plasma transport
Co2 from the organs to the lungs
Soluble products of digestion from the small intestine to the organs
Urea from the liver to the kidneys where urine is made
What shape are red blood cells
Biconcave discs
So red blood cells have a nucleus
No
What pigment do red blood cells
Haemoglobin
How do red blood cells make oxyhemoglobin
The cells combine oxygen with haemoglobin
What happens when the red blood cells carry the oxygen to all the organs
The oxyhaemoglobin splits int haemoglobin and oxygen
Do white blood cells have a nucleus
Yes
What are white blood cells important for
Forming a part of the body’s defence system against microorganisms
Do platelets have a nucleus
No
What are platelets useful for
Helping the blood to clot at the site of a wound
What can blood from donors be separated into
Cells and plasma
What must be done to donated blood
Refrigerated sometimes it can be frozen
How can blood be given to patients
By transfusion to increase blood volume
What is artificial blood called
Perfluorocarbons
What is an advantage of Perfluorocarbons
The don’t need to be refrigerated
They don’t contain cells so blood does not need to be matched
What are the disadvantages of Perfluorocarbons
It is expensive
They don’t carry as much oxygen as whole blood
Some types are insoluble in water so do not mix well with blood
Some cause unpleasant side effects
What may heart sufferers need
A new heart
Due to the lack of heart donors what needs to be developed
Artificial hearts
What is an advantage of artificial hearts
They do not need to match the persons tissue
No need for immunosuppressant drugs
Disadvantages of artificial hearts
Problems with blood clotting
Long stays in hospital
Expensive
What do flowering plants have
Separate transport systems
What do xylem tissue do
Transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the stem, leaves and flowers
What is the transpiration stream
The movement of water from the roots through the xylem and out of the leaves
What do phloem tissue do
Carry dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant, including the growing regions and the storage organs
What do large organisms need in order to transport materials around the body
A transport system
