Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is the series of molecules that have a general formula

Answer 1

Homologous series

Question 2

What element do all organic molecules contain?

Answer 2

Carbon

Question 3

What are the alkanes and alkanes an example of

Answer 3

Homologous series made of only hydrogen and carbon

Question 4

What group do alcohols contain

Answer 4

Functional group -O-H

Question 5

If you replace one atom of hydrogen from each alkane molecule with an -O-H group what do you get

Answer 5

A homologous series of alcohols

Question 6

Name the first three members of the alkanes

Answer 6

Methane , ethane, propane

Question 7

Name the first 3 alcohols

Answer 7

Methanol ethanol propanol

Question 8

What is the structural formula for methanol

Answer 8

CH3OH

Question 9

What is the structural formula of ethanol

Answer 9

CH3CH2OH

Question 10

What is the structural formula for propanol

Answer 10

CH3CH2CH2OH

Question 11

What does a structural formula show

Answer 11

Which atoms are bonded to each carbon atom and the functional group

Question 12

What is a functional group

Answer 12

An atom or group of atoms that give organic compounds heir characteristic reactions

Question 13

What functional group do carboxylate acids have

Answer 13

-COOH

Question 14

What are the three members of the carboxylate acids

Answer 14

Methanoic, ethanoic, propanoic

Question 15

What is the structural formula of methanoic acid

Answer 15

HCOOH

Question 16

What is the structural formula of ethanoic acid

Answer 16

CH3COOH

Question 17

What is the structural formula of propanoic acid

Answer 17

CH3CH2COOH

Question 18

What functional group do esters have

Answer 18

-COO-

Question 19

When does an atom become an ester

Answer 19

When the hydrogen atom in the -COOH group of a carboxylate acid is replaced by a hydrocarbon group

Question 20

What is the structural formula of ethyl ethanoate

Answer 20

CH3COOCH2CH3

Question 21

What do alcohols with smaller molecules mix well with and produce what

Answer 21

Methanol, ethanol, propanol mix well with water to form neutral solutions

Question 22

Why are alcohols used as solvents

Answer 22

Because many organic substances dissolve in alcohols

Question 23

What is ethanol mainly used in

Answer 23

Wine beer and alcoholic drinks

Question 24

What do alcohols produce when burnt

Answer 24

Co2 and water

Question 25

What are alcohols used as fuels in

Answer 25

Spirit burners, combustion engines and they can be mixed with petrol

Question 26

What does sodium and alcohol produce

Answer 26

Hydrogen

Question 27

How does the reaction between sodium and water compare to sodium reacting with alcohol

Answer 27

Reactions of sodium and alcohol are less vigorous than sodium and water

Question 28

What can alcohols be oxidised by?

Answer 28

Chemical oxidising agents such as potassium dichromate

Question 29

What do alcohols oxidise to produce

Answer 29

Carboxylate acids

Question 30

What else in the air can oxides evolutions of ethanol and what is produces from this

Answer 30

Microbes to produce ethanoic acid

Question 31

What is special about ethanoic acid

Answer 31

It turns alcoholic drinks sour and is the main acid in vinegar

Question 32

How could you tell an alcohol and water apart with a test

Answer 32

Apply a flame; ethanol burns in air Add sodium; ethanol react more slowly with sodium Add potassium dichromate and heat; colour change or smell of vinegar

Question 33

When carboxylate acids dissolve in water, what is the ph value of the solutions

Answer 33

The solutions have a ph value of less than 7

Question 34

Why do carbolic acids have similar properties to all acids

Answer 34

They produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions

Question 35

When carboxylic acids are added to carbonates what happens and what is produced

Answer 35

They fizz because they react to produce co2, a salt and water

Question 36

How are carboxylic acids different from other acids

Answer 36

They react with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce ester

Question 37

When ethanol and ethanoic acid react using sulphuric acid as a catalyst what is produced

Answer 37

Ethyl ethanoate and water

Question 38

Why are esters used in flavourings and perfumes

Answer 38

They have distinct smells some being pleasant and fruity

Question 39

How are esters made

Answer 39

By reacting a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst

Question 40

In an aqueous solution what does hydrochloride acid ionise to form

Answer 40

It ionises completely to form hydrogen and chlorine ions

Question 41

What are acids that ionise completely in aqueous solutions known as

Answer 41

Strong acids

Question 42

What happens when ethanoic acid dissolves in water

Answer 42

It does not ionise completely and some of the ethanoic acid molecules remain as molecules in the solution

Question 43

What are acids that do not ionise quickly in aqueous solutions known as

Answer 43

Weak acids

Question 44

In aqueous solutions of ...... Concentration, ...... Acids have a higher ph and react more ......... Than ...... Acids

Answer 44

Equal Weak Slowly Strong

Question 45

Write a balances equation to show that propanoic acid is a weak acid

Answer 45

CH3CH2COOH ------> CH3CH2COO- + H+

Question 46

How can you tell a solution is acidic

Answer 46

If the ph is less than 7 or if it fizzes when added to a carbonate

Question 47

What is a disadvantage of alcoholic drinks and solvents

Answer 47

They can be abused and lead to social problems

Question 48

Why are biofuels an advantage

Answer 48

It offers an alternative to fossil fuels and may help with the problems of diminishing resources and climate change

Question 49

What is the disadvantage of biofuels

Answer 49

Growing the crops for fuels takes up space for growing food

Question 50

Why is it important to review our use of organic compounds

Answer 50

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