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Poppy > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the series of molecules that have a general formula

A

Homologous series

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2
Q

What element do all organic molecules contain?

A

Carbon

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3
Q

What are the alkanes and alkanes an example of

A

Homologous series made of only hydrogen and carbon

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4
Q

What group do alcohols contain

A

Functional group -O-H

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5
Q

If you replace one atom of hydrogen from each alkane molecule with an -O-H group what do you get

A

A homologous series of alcohols

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6
Q

Name the first three members of the alkanes

A

Methane , ethane, propane

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7
Q

Name the first 3 alcohols

A

Methanol ethanol propanol

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8
Q

What is the structural formula for methanol

A

CH3OH

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9
Q

What is the structural formula of ethanol

A

CH3CH2OH

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10
Q

What is the structural formula for propanol

A

CH3CH2CH2OH

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11
Q

What does a structural formula show

A

Which atoms are bonded to each carbon atom and the functional group

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12
Q

What is a functional group

A

An atom or group of atoms that give organic compounds heir characteristic reactions

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13
Q

What functional group do carboxylate acids have

A

-COOH

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14
Q

What are the three members of the carboxylate acids

A

Methanoic, ethanoic, propanoic

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15
Q

What is the structural formula of methanoic acid

A

HCOOH

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16
Q

What is the structural formula of ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

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17
Q

What is the structural formula of propanoic acid

A

CH3CH2COOH

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18
Q

What functional group do esters have

A

-COO-

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19
Q

When does an atom become an ester

A

When the hydrogen atom in the -COOH group of a carboxylate acid is replaced by a hydrocarbon group

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20
Q

What is the structural formula of ethyl ethanoate

A

CH3COOCH2CH3

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21
Q

What do alcohols with smaller molecules mix well with and produce what

A

Methanol, ethanol, propanol mix well with water to form neutral solutions

22
Q

Why are alcohols used as solvents

A

Because many organic substances dissolve in alcohols

23
Q

What is ethanol mainly used in

A

Wine beer and alcoholic drinks

24
Q

What do alcohols produce when burnt

A

Co2 and water

25
Q

What are alcohols used as fuels in

A

Spirit burners, combustion engines and they can be mixed with petrol

26
Q

What does sodium and alcohol produce

A

Hydrogen

27
Q

How does the reaction between sodium and water compare to sodium reacting with alcohol

A

Reactions of sodium and alcohol are less vigorous than sodium and water

28
Q

What can alcohols be oxidised by?

A

Chemical oxidising agents such as potassium dichromate

29
Q

What do alcohols oxidise to produce

A

Carboxylate acids

30
Q

What else in the air can oxides evolutions of ethanol and what is produces from this

A

Microbes to produce ethanoic acid

31
Q

What is special about ethanoic acid

A

It turns alcoholic drinks sour and is the main acid in vinegar

32
Q

How could you tell an alcohol and water apart with a test

A

Apply a flame; ethanol burns in air
Add sodium; ethanol react more slowly with sodium
Add potassium dichromate and heat; colour change or smell of vinegar

33
Q

When carboxylate acids dissolve in water, what is the ph value of the solutions

A

The solutions have a ph value of less than 7

34
Q

Why do carbolic acids have similar properties to all acids

A

They produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions

35
Q

When carboxylic acids are added to carbonates what happens and what is produced

A

They fizz because they react to produce co2, a salt and water

36
Q

How are carboxylic acids different from other acids

A

They react with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce ester

37
Q

When ethanol and ethanoic acid react using sulphuric acid as a catalyst what is produced

A

Ethyl ethanoate and water

38
Q

Why are esters used in flavourings and perfumes

A

They have distinct smells some being pleasant and fruity

39
Q

How are esters made

A

By reacting a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst

40
Q

In an aqueous solution what does hydrochloride acid ionise to form

A

It ionises completely to form hydrogen and chlorine ions

41
Q

What are acids that ionise completely in aqueous solutions known as

A

Strong acids

42
Q

What happens when ethanoic acid dissolves in water

A

It does not ionise completely and some of the ethanoic acid molecules remain as molecules in the solution

43
Q

What are acids that do not ionise quickly in aqueous solutions known as

A

Weak acids

44
Q

In aqueous solutions of …… Concentration, …… Acids have a higher ph and react more ……… Than …… Acids

A

Equal
Weak
Slowly
Strong

45
Q

Write a balances equation to show that propanoic acid is a weak acid

A

CH3CH2COOH ——> CH3CH2COO- + H+

46
Q

How can you tell a solution is acidic

A

If the ph is less than 7 or if it fizzes when added to a carbonate

47
Q

What is a disadvantage of alcoholic drinks and solvents

A

They can be abused and lead to social problems

48
Q

Why are biofuels an advantage

A

It offers an alternative to fossil fuels and may help with the problems of diminishing resources and climate change

49
Q

What is the disadvantage of biofuels

A

Growing the crops for fuels takes up space for growing food

50
Q

Why is it important to review our use of organic compounds

A

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