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Poppy > How Humans Can Affect The Environment > Flashcards

How Humans Can Affect The Environment Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by non renewable

A

Something which cannot be replaced when it is used up

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2
Q

What is produced when goods are produced

A

Industrial waste

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3
Q

What is reduced when humans build, quarry, farm and dump waste

A

Reduce the amount of land available for animals and plants

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4
Q

What is the the increasing population affecting

A

The ecology of the earth

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5
Q

What is ecology

A

The scientific study of the relationship between living organisms and their environments

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6
Q

What do waterways become polluted with

A

Sewage, fertilisers and toxic chemicals

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7
Q

What contributes to acid rain

A

Air with smoke and gases such as sulfur dioxide

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8
Q

What do humans pollute the land with which is then washed into water

A

Toxic chemicals such as pesticides and herbicides

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9
Q

Why must sewage be treated

A

To remove gut parasites and toxic chemicals or these can get onto the land

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10
Q

What does sewage contain

A

Human body waste and waste water from our homes

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11
Q

Why do landfills cause pollution

A

Large amounts of household and industrial waste at eplaced in the landfill and toxic chemicals leak out which is hazardous

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12
Q

Farming methods can …….. ……….

A

Pollute the land

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13
Q

Why are herbicides and pesticides bad

A

They are sprayed onto crops and can get into the soil and into the food chain. Eventually many of them are washed into rivers

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14
Q

Why are fertilisers used by farmers a problem

A

They. Can be washed into and pollute rivers

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15
Q

What causes water pollution

A

Herbicides, pesticides and chemical fertilisers all get washed into rivers and streams
Fertilisers and untreated sewage can cause a high level nitrates in the water
Toxic chemicals from landfill also leak into the waterways and pollute water, killing organisms such as fish

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16
Q

What do power stations and cars release

A

Acidic gases

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17
Q

Which gases are produced from burnin fuels

A

Sulfur dioxide and acidic gases

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18
Q

What is the current world population

A

7 billion

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19
Q

How are acidic solutions formed

A

When sulfur dioxide dissolves in the air

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20
Q

Why can sulfur dioxide pollute areas where the gas was not produced

A

The solutions produced fall as acid rain and the gas is blown by winds before it dissolves

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21
Q

What can acid rain do

A

Kill organisms, trees become damaged if the leaves are soaked in acid rain for a long time

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22
Q

How does acid rain affect soil ph

A

It changes the soil ph which damages roots and may release toxic minerals, aluminium Iona spare released which also damages organisms in the soil and in waterways.
Enzymes which control reactions are sensitive to ph

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23
Q

How are birds affected by acid rain

A

The rain kills trees which means birds loose habitats and food

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24
Q

Why does deforestation occur

A

The need for timber and to provide land for agriculture
Crops are grown to produce ethanol based biofuels
There can be increases in cattle and rice fields for fuel

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25
Q

What 3 effects has deforestation caused

A

It increased the release of co2 into the atmosphere due to burning of trees or decay of wood by microorganism
Reduced the rate at which co2 is removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis
Reduced biodiversity due to loss of food and habitats

26
Q

What does cattle and growing rice produce

A

Methane

27
Q

What does the destruction of peat bogs cause

A

It releases co2. This occurs because the peat is removed from the bogs and used in compost for gardens. The compost is decayed by microorganisms

28
Q

What can peat free compost prevent

A

The destruction of peat bogs

29
Q

Which process causes co2 to be released from peat

A

Decay by microorganisms

30
Q

What does co2 dissolve into

A

Oceans, rivers, lakes and ponds

31
Q

How is co2 sequestered

A

Co2 is removed from the air by plants in photosynthesis and by dissolving in oceans, lakes and rivers

32
Q

What do greenhouse gasses cause

A

Greenhouse effect

33
Q

What is the greenhouse effect

A

The trapping of infrared radiation from the sun as a result of greenhouse gases such as co2 and methane, in the earths atmosphere. The greenhouse effect maintain the surface of the earth at a temperature suitable for life

34
Q

What does the greenhouse effect cause

A

Global warming

35
Q

What effects does an increasing temperature have on the earth

A

Big changes in the earths climate
Cause a rise in sea level due to ice caps and glaciers melting
Reduced biodiversity
Changes in the migration patterns eg birds
Changes in the distribution of species

36
Q

What are 2 types of biofuels

A

Ethanol based fuels and biogas

37
Q

How can ethanol based fuels be produced

A

Fermentation

38
Q

How do microorganism produce ethanol

A

They respire anaerobically using sugars from crops as the energy source

39
Q

How is glucose produced from maize starch

A

The action of carbohydrase

40
Q

How is yeast used in the production of ethanol

A

The glucose and sugar cane juices are fermented by yeast

41
Q

How is the ethanol extracted from the glucose/sugar cane/yeast mixture

A

Distillation

42
Q

Why is ethanol carbon neutral

A

The only co2 used for photosynthesis by the crops is returned to the atmosphere when the ethanol is burned

43
Q

How is athanor produced from starch

A

Digestion of starch to sugar by carbohydrase
Fermentation by anaerobic respiration of yeast
Distillation

44
Q

What has is mainly biogas

A

Methane

45
Q

How is methane for biogas produced

A

During anaerobic fermentation by bacteria

46
Q

What can be broken down in biogas generators

A

Plants and any waste materials containing carbohydrate

47
Q

What conditions do generators have

A

Ideal conditions for bacteria to reproduce and ferment the carbohydrates
Maintained at a suitable temperature in oxygen free conditions
Some are designed to mix contents
Buried in the ground for insulation or have insulating jackets

48
Q

What do commercial generators

A

They use waste from sugar factories or sewage works

49
Q

What does biofuel provide energy for

A

Heating

50
Q

Why is it efficient for us to eat plants than animals

A

The shorter the food chain, the less energy will be wasted.

51
Q

How could we produce more efficient meat

A

Prevent the animals from moving so it doesn’t waste energy on movement, but this is cruel
Keeping the animal in warm sheds so it doesn’t use as much energy from food to maintain its body temperature

52
Q

What does sustainable food production involve

A

Managing resources and finding new types of food such as mycoprotein

53
Q

How are fishermen helping make food production sustainable

A

Can only remove a strict allocations of fish per year, a quota
Must use certain sized nets to avoid catching small young fish

54
Q

What is mycoprotein

A

A food based on the fungus fusarium that grows and reproduce rapidly. It means protein from fungus

55
Q

What is used to produce mycoprotein

A

Fungus fusarium

56
Q

How is fusarium grown

A

Aerobically on cheap sugar syrup made from waste starch and the myoprotein is harvested

57
Q

Where can microorganisms be grown

A

On a large scale in industrial fermenters

58
Q

What do industrial fermenters have

A

An air supply providing oxygen for respiration
Stirrers or gas bubbles used to keep the microorganisms spread out and to provide an even temperature
A water cooled jacket around the outside as the respire get microorganisms release energy which heats the contents
Sensors to monitor both ph and temperature

59
Q

Which 3 human activities can affect the global environment

A

Deforestation, causing increased levels of co2 in the atmosphere
Increases in rice growing and rearing cattle result in more methane
Building dams p, to store water in reservoirs, causing loss of habitats, drying out rivers below the dams and reduces in fertile lands to grow crops

60
Q

Why do scientists come to different conclusions when considering the same data

A

Explanations depend of individual opinions of the scientists and can be biased

61
Q

What do some people believe about global warming

A

That it is part of the earths natural cycle

Poppy (12 decks)

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