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How Humans Can Affect The Environment Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by non renewable

A

Something which cannot be replaced when it is used up

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2
Q

What is produced when goods are produced

A

Industrial waste

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3
Q

What is reduced when humans build, quarry, farm and dump waste

A

Reduce the amount of land available for animals and plants

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4
Q

What is the the increasing population affecting

A

The ecology of the earth

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5
Q

What is ecology

A

The scientific study of the relationship between living organisms and their environments

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6
Q

What do waterways become polluted with

A

Sewage, fertilisers and toxic chemicals

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7
Q

What contributes to acid rain

A

Air with smoke and gases such as sulfur dioxide

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8
Q

What do humans pollute the land with which is then washed into water

A

Toxic chemicals such as pesticides and herbicides

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9
Q

Why must sewage be treated

A

To remove gut parasites and toxic chemicals or these can get onto the land

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10
Q

What does sewage contain

A

Human body waste and waste water from our homes

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11
Q

Why do landfills cause pollution

A

Large amounts of household and industrial waste at eplaced in the landfill and toxic chemicals leak out which is hazardous

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12
Q

Farming methods can …….. ……….

A

Pollute the land

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13
Q

Why are herbicides and pesticides bad

A

They are sprayed onto crops and can get into the soil and into the food chain. Eventually many of them are washed into rivers

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14
Q

Why are fertilisers used by farmers a problem

A

They. Can be washed into and pollute rivers

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15
Q

What causes water pollution

A

Herbicides, pesticides and chemical fertilisers all get washed into rivers and streams
Fertilisers and untreated sewage can cause a high level nitrates in the water
Toxic chemicals from landfill also leak into the waterways and pollute water, killing organisms such as fish

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16
Q

What do power stations and cars release

A

Acidic gases

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17
Q

Which gases are produced from burnin fuels

A

Sulfur dioxide and acidic gases

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18
Q

What is the current world population

A

7 billion

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19
Q

How are acidic solutions formed

A

When sulfur dioxide dissolves in the air

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20
Q

Why can sulfur dioxide pollute areas where the gas was not produced

A

The solutions produced fall as acid rain and the gas is blown by winds before it dissolves

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21
Q

What can acid rain do

A

Kill organisms, trees become damaged if the leaves are soaked in acid rain for a long time

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22
Q

How does acid rain affect soil ph

A

It changes the soil ph which damages roots and may release toxic minerals, aluminium Iona spare released which also damages organisms in the soil and in waterways.
Enzymes which control reactions are sensitive to ph

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23
Q

How are birds affected by acid rain

A

The rain kills trees which means birds loose habitats and food

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24
Q

Why does deforestation occur

A

The need for timber and to provide land for agriculture
Crops are grown to produce ethanol based biofuels
There can be increases in cattle and rice fields for fuel

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25
What 3 effects has deforestation caused
It increased the release of co2 into the atmosphere due to burning of trees or decay of wood by microorganism Reduced the rate at which co2 is removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis Reduced biodiversity due to loss of food and habitats
26
What does cattle and growing rice produce
Methane
27
What does the destruction of peat bogs cause
It releases co2. This occurs because the peat is removed from the bogs and used in compost for gardens. The compost is decayed by microorganisms
28
What can peat free compost prevent
The destruction of peat bogs
29
Which process causes co2 to be released from peat
Decay by microorganisms
30
What does co2 dissolve into
Oceans, rivers, lakes and ponds
31
How is co2 sequestered
Co2 is removed from the air by plants in photosynthesis and by dissolving in oceans, lakes and rivers
32
What do greenhouse gasses cause
Greenhouse effect
33
What is the greenhouse effect
The trapping of infrared radiation from the sun as a result of greenhouse gases such as co2 and methane, in the earths atmosphere. The greenhouse effect maintain the surface of the earth at a temperature suitable for life
34
What does the greenhouse effect cause
Global warming
35
What effects does an increasing temperature have on the earth
Big changes in the earths climate Cause a rise in sea level due to ice caps and glaciers melting Reduced biodiversity Changes in the migration patterns eg birds Changes in the distribution of species
36
What are 2 types of biofuels
Ethanol based fuels and biogas
37
How can ethanol based fuels be produced
Fermentation
38
How do microorganism produce ethanol
They respire anaerobically using sugars from crops as the energy source
39
How is glucose produced from maize starch
The action of carbohydrase
40
How is yeast used in the production of ethanol
The glucose and sugar cane juices are fermented by yeast
41
How is the ethanol extracted from the glucose/sugar cane/yeast mixture
Distillation
42
Why is ethanol carbon neutral
The only co2 used for photosynthesis by the crops is returned to the atmosphere when the ethanol is burned
43
How is athanor produced from starch
Digestion of starch to sugar by carbohydrase Fermentation by anaerobic respiration of yeast Distillation
44
What has is mainly biogas
Methane
45
How is methane for biogas produced
During anaerobic fermentation by bacteria
46
What can be broken down in biogas generators
Plants and any waste materials containing carbohydrate
47
What conditions do generators have
Ideal conditions for bacteria to reproduce and ferment the carbohydrates Maintained at a suitable temperature in oxygen free conditions Some are designed to mix contents Buried in the ground for insulation or have insulating jackets
48
What do commercial generators
They use waste from sugar factories or sewage works
49
What does biofuel provide energy for
Heating
50
Why is it efficient for us to eat plants than animals
The shorter the food chain, the less energy will be wasted.
51
How could we produce more efficient meat
Prevent the animals from moving so it doesn't waste energy on movement, but this is cruel Keeping the animal in warm sheds so it doesn't use as much energy from food to maintain its body temperature
52
What does sustainable food production involve
Managing resources and finding new types of food such as mycoprotein
53
How are fishermen helping make food production sustainable
Can only remove a strict allocations of fish per year, a quota Must use certain sized nets to avoid catching small young fish
54
What is mycoprotein
A food based on the fungus fusarium that grows and reproduce rapidly. It means protein from fungus
55
What is used to produce mycoprotein
Fungus fusarium
56
How is fusarium grown
Aerobically on cheap sugar syrup made from waste starch and the myoprotein is harvested
57
Where can microorganisms be grown
On a large scale in industrial fermenters
58
What do industrial fermenters have
An air supply providing oxygen for respiration Stirrers or gas bubbles used to keep the microorganisms spread out and to provide an even temperature A water cooled jacket around the outside as the respire get microorganisms release energy which heats the contents Sensors to monitor both ph and temperature
59
Which 3 human activities can affect the global environment
Deforestation, causing increased levels of co2 in the atmosphere Increases in rice growing and rearing cattle result in more methane Building dams p, to store water in reservoirs, causing loss of habitats, drying out rivers below the dams and reduces in fertile lands to grow crops
60
Why do scientists come to different conclusions when considering the same data
Explanations depend of individual opinions of the scientists and can be biased
61
What do some people believe about global warming
That it is part of the earths natural cycle

Poppy (12 decks)

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