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Poppy > Exchange Of Materials > Flashcards

Exchange Of Materials Flashcards

1
Q

The movement of water is ……. And requires ……. Energy from the cell

A

Random

No

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2
Q

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across what?

A

Partially permeable membrane

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3
Q

What type of membrane is the cell membrane

A

Partially permeable

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4
Q

What may cells nee dot absorb

A

Substances which are in short supply, against the concentration gradient

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5
Q

What is active transport

A

The process cells use to absorb substances across partially permeable membranes against the concentration gradient using energy

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6
Q

Where does the e edgy for active transport come from

A

Respiration

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7
Q

Where can cells absorb ions from

A

Dilute solutions

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8
Q

How do root cells absorb mineral ions

A

Active transport

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9
Q

What can the kidney tubules do with active transport

A

Glucose can be reabsorbed I. The kidney tubules by active transport

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10
Q

Why does active transport require energy

A

The particles are being absorbed against a concentration gradient

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11
Q

What is dehydration

A

When the cells are lacking water and mineral ions

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12
Q

Why is glucose used during respiration.

A

Glucose is released in the process of respiration

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13
Q

If you exercise for a long time what does the body need to replace

A

Sugar, mineral ions, water

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14
Q

What are sports drinks

A

Solutions of sugar and mineral ions

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15
Q

What is water from sports drinks useful for in cells

A

Rehydrate

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16
Q

What is osmosis

A

The net movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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17
Q

What does isotonic mean

A

Having the same concentration of a solution as another solution eg the drink docent ration matches the body fluids concentration

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18
Q

What is the benefit of having sports drinks

A

They help athletes to replace mineral ions and sugar as well as water

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19
Q

How are mineral ions lost from the body during exercise

A

In sweat

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20
Q

Large complex organisms have special ………… ………. To obtain all the food and oxygen they need

A

Exchange surfaces

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21
Q

What are soluble food materials or so lutes absorbed by

A

The intestine

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22
Q

What is absorbed and what is removed in the lungs

A

Oxygen is absorbed and co2 is removed

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23
Q

What 2 things do efficient exchange surfaces have

A

Large surface area, thin walls or short diffusion path

Efficient transport system, the blood supply in animals

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24
Q

What do the lungs contain for exchange

A

The gaseous exchange surfaces

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25
Q

What increases the surface area of the lungs

A

The alveoli

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26
Q

What do the alveoli have for efficient exchange

A

Thin walls, lathe surface area and good blood supply

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27
Q

How do the lungs maintain a steep concentration gradient

A

The are ventilated

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28
Q

What does oxygen disuse into which surround the alveoli

A

Many capillaries

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29
Q

What is the breathing system

A

The stems involved in breathing, the ribs, intercostal muscles,diaphragm as well as the lungs and the tubes which bring air into the body from outisde

30
Q

Where are the lungs situated

A

The thorax, between the ribs and above the diaphragm, which separates the lungs from the abdomen

31
Q

What is the benefit of having sports drinks

A

They help athletes to replace mineral ions and sugar as well as water

32
Q

How are mineral ions lost from the body during exercise

A

In sweat

33
Q

Large complex organisms have special ………… ………. To obtain all the food and oxygen they need

A

Exchange surfaces

34
Q

What are soluble food materials or so lutes absorbed by

A

The intestine

35
Q

What is absorbed and what is removed in the lungs

A

Oxygen is absorbed and co2 is removed

36
Q

What 2 things do efficient exchange surfaces have

A

Large surface area, thin walls or short diffusion path

Efficient transport system, the blood supply in animals

37
Q

What do the lungs contain for exchange

A

The gaseous exchange surfaces

38
Q

What increases the surface area of the lungs

A

The alveoli

39
Q

What do the alveoli have for efficient exchange

A

Thin walls, lathe surface area and good blood supply

40
Q

How do the lungs maintain a steep concentration gradient

A

The are ventilated

41
Q

What does oxygen disuse into which surround the alveoli

A

Many capillaries

42
Q

What happen when we breath in

A

The intercostal muscles between the ribs and diaphragm contract
The rib cage moves up and out and the diaphragm flattens
The volume of the thorax increases
The pressure in the thorax decreases and air is drawn in

43
Q

What happens when we breath out

A

The intercostal muscles of the rib cage and diaphragm relax
The rib age moves and in and the diaphragm becomes domed
The volume of the thorax decreases
The pressure increases and air is forced out

44
Q

What is ventilation

A

The movement of air in and out of the lungs

45
Q

Why may someone struggle to get enough oxygen into their bloodstream

A

If the alveoli are damaged, the surface area for gaseous exchange is reduced
If the tubes leading the lungs are narrowed, less air can be moved through them
If the person is paralysed, their muscles will not work to pull the rib age up and out

46
Q

What was the iron lung used for

A

People with polio who are paralysed

47
Q

How did the iron lung work

A

The person lay with their chest sealed in a large metal cylinder. When air was drawn out of the cylinder the persons chest moved out and they breathed in. The vacuum which was formed inside the cylinder created a negative pressure. When air was pumped back in to the cylinder it created pressure on the chest and forced air out of the persons lungs

48
Q

What do breathing AIDS do

A

Force measured amounts of air into the lungs use positive pressure. Bags of air linked to masks can force air down the trachea

49
Q

What is the advantage of positive pressure breathing AIDS compared to the iron Lung

A

It is smaller, easier to manage in the home and can be linked to computers for control

50
Q

What happens to the food we eat

A

It is digested in the gut into small, soluble molecules

51
Q

What happens to the dilutes in the small intestine

A

They are absorbed into the blood

52
Q

What are the villi

A

They line inner surface of the small intestine and are the exchange surface for food molecules

53
Q

What features do villi have to increase efficient exchange surfaces

A

They have thin walls and there are many capillaries close to the wall
They are finger like which greatly increase the surface area

54
Q

How can the soluble products of digestion be absorbed into the villi

A

Either diffusion or active transport

55
Q

What about the blood supply to the villi increase the efficiency of diffusion

A

Rich blood supply produces a step concentration gradient

56
Q

Through what do gases diffuse in and out of cells in plants

A

Tiny holes called stomata

57
Q

What is the size of stomata controlled by

A

Guard cells

58
Q

What is oxygen used as in plants

A

It is needed for respiration and is a waste product of photosynthesis

59
Q

What is co2 used for in plants

A

Photosynthesis and is a waste product of respiration.

60
Q

What does the movement of gases in plants depend on

A

Which process, respiration or photosynthesis is happening quicker

61
Q

Why do plants loose water through the stomata

A

Evaporation in the leaves p

62
Q

Why are leaves flat and thin

A

So gases do not diffuse very far, there are also internal air spac

63
Q

What do root hair cells increase the exchange of due to their large surface area

A

The absorption of water and mineral ions

64
Q

How do the stomata prevent wilting

A

If the plant looses water faster than it is replaced the stomata close

65
Q

Why is the waxy cuticle important

A

It is a waterproof layer which stops water loss

66
Q

Why are the cells in plants not packed tightly

A

So they have a large surface area for gas exchange

67
Q

What is the transpiration stream

A

The movement of water through the plant

68
Q

What does water vapour diffuse through

A

Stomata

69
Q

In what conditions is evaporation more rapid

A

In hot, dry, windy or bright conditions

70
Q

How does wilting prevent water loss

A

The leaves collapse and hang down, reducing surface area

Poppy (12 decks)

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