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Exchange Of Materials Flashcards

1
Q

The movement of water is ……. And requires ……. Energy from the cell

A

Random

No

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2
Q

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across what?

A

Partially permeable membrane

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3
Q

What type of membrane is the cell membrane

A

Partially permeable

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4
Q

What may cells nee dot absorb

A

Substances which are in short supply, against the concentration gradient

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5
Q

What is active transport

A

The process cells use to absorb substances across partially permeable membranes against the concentration gradient using energy

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6
Q

Where does the e edgy for active transport come from

A

Respiration

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7
Q

Where can cells absorb ions from

A

Dilute solutions

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8
Q

How do root cells absorb mineral ions

A

Active transport

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9
Q

What can the kidney tubules do with active transport

A

Glucose can be reabsorbed I. The kidney tubules by active transport

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10
Q

Why does active transport require energy

A

The particles are being absorbed against a concentration gradient

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11
Q

What is dehydration

A

When the cells are lacking water and mineral ions

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12
Q

Why is glucose used during respiration.

A

Glucose is released in the process of respiration

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13
Q

If you exercise for a long time what does the body need to replace

A

Sugar, mineral ions, water

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14
Q

What are sports drinks

A

Solutions of sugar and mineral ions

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15
Q

What is water from sports drinks useful for in cells

A

Rehydrate

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16
Q

What is osmosis

A

The net movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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17
Q

What does isotonic mean

A

Having the same concentration of a solution as another solution eg the drink docent ration matches the body fluids concentration

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18
Q

What is the benefit of having sports drinks

A

They help athletes to replace mineral ions and sugar as well as water

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19
Q

How are mineral ions lost from the body during exercise

A

In sweat

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20
Q

Large complex organisms have special ………… ………. To obtain all the food and oxygen they need

A

Exchange surfaces

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21
Q

What are soluble food materials or so lutes absorbed by

A

The intestine

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22
Q

What is absorbed and what is removed in the lungs

A

Oxygen is absorbed and co2 is removed

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23
Q

What 2 things do efficient exchange surfaces have

A

Large surface area, thin walls or short diffusion path

Efficient transport system, the blood supply in animals

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24
Q

What do the lungs contain for exchange

A

The gaseous exchange surfaces

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25
What increases the surface area of the lungs
The alveoli
26
What do the alveoli have for efficient exchange
Thin walls, lathe surface area and good blood supply
27
How do the lungs maintain a steep concentration gradient
The are ventilated
28
What does oxygen disuse into which surround the alveoli
Many capillaries
29
What is the breathing system
The stems involved in breathing, the ribs, intercostal muscles,diaphragm as well as the lungs and the tubes which bring air into the body from outisde
30
Where are the lungs situated
The thorax, between the ribs and above the diaphragm, which separates the lungs from the abdomen
31
What is the benefit of having sports drinks
They help athletes to replace mineral ions and sugar as well as water
32
How are mineral ions lost from the body during exercise
In sweat
33
Large complex organisms have special ............ .......... To obtain all the food and oxygen they need
Exchange surfaces
34
What are soluble food materials or so lutes absorbed by
The intestine
35
What is absorbed and what is removed in the lungs
Oxygen is absorbed and co2 is removed
36
What 2 things do efficient exchange surfaces have
Large surface area, thin walls or short diffusion path | Efficient transport system, the blood supply in animals
37
What do the lungs contain for exchange
The gaseous exchange surfaces
38
What increases the surface area of the lungs
The alveoli
39
What do the alveoli have for efficient exchange
Thin walls, lathe surface area and good blood supply
40
How do the lungs maintain a steep concentration gradient
The are ventilated
41
What does oxygen disuse into which surround the alveoli
Many capillaries
42
What happen when we breath in
The intercostal muscles between the ribs and diaphragm contract The rib cage moves up and out and the diaphragm flattens The volume of the thorax increases The pressure in the thorax decreases and air is drawn in
43
What happens when we breath out
The intercostal muscles of the rib cage and diaphragm relax The rib age moves and in and the diaphragm becomes domed The volume of the thorax decreases The pressure increases and air is forced out
44
What is ventilation
The movement of air in and out of the lungs
45
Why may someone struggle to get enough oxygen into their bloodstream
If the alveoli are damaged, the surface area for gaseous exchange is reduced If the tubes leading the lungs are narrowed, less air can be moved through them If the person is paralysed, their muscles will not work to pull the rib age up and out
46
What was the iron lung used for
People with polio who are paralysed
47
How did the iron lung work
The person lay with their chest sealed in a large metal cylinder. When air was drawn out of the cylinder the persons chest moved out and they breathed in. The vacuum which was formed inside the cylinder created a negative pressure. When air was pumped back in to the cylinder it created pressure on the chest and forced air out of the persons lungs
48
What do breathing AIDS do
Force measured amounts of air into the lungs use positive pressure. Bags of air linked to masks can force air down the trachea
49
What is the advantage of positive pressure breathing AIDS compared to the iron Lung
It is smaller, easier to manage in the home and can be linked to computers for control
50
What happens to the food we eat
It is digested in the gut into small, soluble molecules
51
What happens to the dilutes in the small intestine
They are absorbed into the blood
52
What are the villi
They line inner surface of the small intestine and are the exchange surface for food molecules
53
What features do villi have to increase efficient exchange surfaces
They have thin walls and there are many capillaries close to the wall They are finger like which greatly increase the surface area
54
How can the soluble products of digestion be absorbed into the villi
Either diffusion or active transport
55
What about the blood supply to the villi increase the efficiency of diffusion
Rich blood supply produces a step concentration gradient
56
Through what do gases diffuse in and out of cells in plants
Tiny holes called stomata
57
What is the size of stomata controlled by
Guard cells
58
What is oxygen used as in plants
It is needed for respiration and is a waste product of photosynthesis
59
What is co2 used for in plants
Photosynthesis and is a waste product of respiration.
60
What does the movement of gases in plants depend on
Which process, respiration or photosynthesis is happening quicker
61
Why do plants loose water through the stomata
Evaporation in the leaves p
62
Why are leaves flat and thin
So gases do not diffuse very far, there are also internal air spac
63
What do root hair cells increase the exchange of due to their large surface area
The absorption of water and mineral ions
64
How do the stomata prevent wilting
If the plant looses water faster than it is replaced the stomata close
65
Why is the waxy cuticle important
It is a waterproof layer which stops water loss
66
Why are the cells in plants not packed tightly
So they have a large surface area for gas exchange
67
What is the transpiration stream
The movement of water through the plant
68
What does water vapour diffuse through
Stomata
69
In what conditions is evaporation more rapid
In hot, dry, windy or bright conditions
70
How does wilting prevent water loss
The leaves collapse and hang down, reducing surface area

Poppy (12 decks)

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