Keeping Internal Conditions Constatnt

Question 1

What does homeostasis control

Answer 1

Temperature, blood glucose, water, ion content and levels of waste products

Question 2

What are the waste products which have to be removed from the body

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide, from respiration, removed from the lungs when breathed out
Urea

Question 3

Where is urea produced

Answer 3

The liver

Question 4

What is urea produced from

Answer 4

The breakdown of amino acids

Question 5

What is urea removed from and where is the done

Answer 5

It is removed by the kidneys from the urine

Question 6

Where is urine temporarily stored

Answer 6

Bladder

Question 7

When do water and ions enter the body

Answer 7

When we eat and drink

Question 8

What happens it the water or ion content is wrong

Answer 8

Too much water may move in and out of the cells which could destroy the cells

Question 9

What 3 important jobs do the kidneys do

Answer 9

Filter the blood
Excrete unwanted substances
Keep the vital substances

Question 10

How does a healthy kidney produce urine

Answer 10

Filtering the blood
Reabsorbing sugar
Reabsorbing the dissolved ions needed by the body
Reabsorbing as much water as the body needs
Releasing urea, excess Ions and water ring the urine

Question 11

Where is urine made

Answer 11

Kidneys

Question 12

What can be used to keep someone with kidney failure alive

Answer 12

Dialysis

Question 13

In a dialysis machine what does the blood flow between

Answer 13

Partially permeable membranes

Question 14

What must the concentration of the dialysis fluid be in comparison to the patients blood

Answer 14

It must be the same concentration

Question 15

Why must the concentration of the dialysis fluid be the same as the patients blood

Answer 15

So the useful substances, glucose and mineral ions do not diffuse out of the blood so they don’t need to b reabsorbed

Question 16

Where does the urea go during dialysis

Answer 16

It diffuses out from the blood into the dialysis fluid

Question 17

What is the purpose of dialysis

Answer 17

It restores the concentration of substances in the blood back to normal

Question 18

What is inconvenient about dialysis

Answer 18

It need to be carried out at regular intervals

Question 19

When may a person with kidney failure no longer need dialysis

Answer 19

If they have a kidney transplant

Question 20

Why does dialysis fluid not just consist of water

Answer 20

All useful solutes would diffuse out of the blood as well as the urea

Question 21

Where are kidneys for transplanting sourced from

Answer 21

Living donors or from a victim of a fatal accident

Question 22

Why is it important that the kidney is well tissue matched

Answer 22

To prevent rejection

Question 23

What happens in the process of Organ rejection

Answer 23

There proteins on the surface of cells know as antigens. The recipients antibodies may attack the antigen son the donor organ because they recognise them as being foreign

Question 24

What drugs must be taken and why after an organ transplant

Answer 24

Immunosuppressants to suppress the immune response and prevent rejection

Question 25

What is the risk of organ transplant

Answer 25

Due to the patient having to take drugs to suppress their immune system the patient is left vulnerable to common infections

Question 26

What is the main advantage of a kidney transplant over dialysis

Answer 26

The patient does not have to be attached to a machine every few days

Question 27

What temperature must the human body be kept at so the enzymes can work

Answer 27

37 degrees

Question 28

What is the body temperatures monitored and controlled by

Answer 28

The thermoregulatory centre

Question 29

Where is the thermoregulatory centre

Answer 29

The brain

Question 30

What does the thermoregulatory centre have in order to control the body temperature

Answer 30

Receptors which detect the temperature of the blood flowing through the brain

Question 31

What do the temperature receptors on the skin do

Answer 31

They send impulses to the brain to give information about skin temperature

Question 32

Why does the skin look red when we are hot

Answer 32

Increased blood flow

Question 33

What does sweating help to do

Answer 33

Coo, the body

Question 34

Why must you drink lots on a hot day

Answer 34

More water is lost from the skin so more water must be taken in to balance this loss

Question 35

If the core temperature rises what happens to blood vessels

Answer 35

The dilate allowing more blood to flow through skin capillaries and enemy is transferred through radiation and the skin cools

Question 36

If the core temperature rises what happens in the sweat glands

Answer 36

Sweats glands produce more sweat. It's water evaporates from the skins surface. The energy required for the water to evaporate comes from the skins surface. So we cool down and boys temperature falls

Question 37

If the core temperature falls what happens to the blood vessels

Answer 37

The blood vessels near the surface of the skin constrict and less blood flows through rage skin capillaries. Less energy is radiated

Question 38

Why do we shiver when our core temperature falls

Answer 38

Muscles contract quickly. This requires respiration and some of the energy released warms the blood

Question 39

Why does sweating cool the body

Answer 39

The water in the sweat evaporates energy from the skin is used to turn the water into water vapour so the skin cools

Question 40

What 5 things do doctors consider when deciding the course of action for a patient with kidney failure

Answer 40

The general health of the patient How long the patient has been on dialysis The total cost of treatment, long term cost of continuing dialysis over operation costs followed by immunise pressing treatment The risks of transplanting, anethesthetics, infection The availiability of donor kidneys

Question 41

What are the ethical issues of kidney transplanting

Answer 41

Should everyone be automatically on a transplant register or should you opt in? Should people be paid to be donors? Should people pay for a new kidney to jump the queue?

Question 42

Why is carrying a donor card or telling your family if you want to be a do not important

Answer 42

Donors are usually people who have died in accidents and it is distressing for families to make decisions about being a donor after they have lost a loved one

Question 43

Why are extreme temperatures dangerous

Answer 43

The body's enzymes will stop working

Question 44

Children have a large ......

Answer 44

Surface area to volume ratio

Question 45

Why do children in cold conditions get cold very quickly and dehydrate in hot conditions

Answer 45

Because of their large SA to volume ratio they transfer energy very quickly

Question 46

What happens if the body temperature is too low

Answer 46

The respiratory enzymes work too slowly and too little energy is released

Question 47

What happens if the child dehydrates

Answer 47

They cannot cool down and they overheat, which means enzymes denature

Question 48

Why do old people get hyperthermia in cold conditions

Answer 48

They don not move around much to release energy from respiration in the muscles

Question 49

What do explorers in extreme conditions learn in order to survive

Answer 49

Symptoms of hypothermia and dehydration

Question 50

What does the pancreas control

Answer 50

It monitors and controls the level of glucose in the blood

Question 51

If there is too much glucose in the blood what does the pancreas release

Answer 51

The hormone insulin

Question 52

What does insulin cause to happen

Answer 52

The glucose to move from the blood into the cells

Question 53

What happens to excess glucose

Answer 53

It is converted into glycogen for storage

Question 54

Where is glucose converted into glycogen

Answer 54

The liver

Question 55

What happens if no or little insulin is produced

Answer 55

The blood glucose becomes too high

Question 56

What is the condition in which your blood sugar is too high known as

Answer 56

Type 1 diabetes

Question 57

How is type 1 diabetes controlled

Answer 57

Injections of insulin and careful attention to diet and levels of exercise

Question 58

What does insulin cause to happen

Answer 58

Blood glucose levels to fall

Question 59

What happens if the blood glucose level gets too low

Answer 59

The receptors in the pancreas detect the low level

Question 60

What does the pancreas release when blood glucose gets too low

Answer 60

The pancreas releases glucagon

Question 61

What does the glucagon cause

Answer 61

The glycogen in the liver to change into glucose

Question 62

What happens to the glucose produced from the glycogen

Answer 62

It is released back into the blood

Question 63

How is insulin produced for injections to treat type 1 diabetes

Answer 63

It is produced by genetically engineered bacteria

Question 64

When does a diabetic have to inject insulin

Answer 64

Before meals every day of their life

Question 65

What must active diabetics do

Answer 65

Match the amount of insulin injected with their diet and exercise

Question 66

What may other diabetics use instead of an injection

Answer 66

They use pumps attatched to the body and they can adjust the level of insulin injected by the pump

Question 67

What are the 5 new possible new developments for treating and possibly curing type 1 diabetes

Answer 67

Pancreas transplants Transplanting pancreas cells Using embryonic stem cells to produce insulin secreting cells Using adult stem cells from diabetic patients Genetically engineering pancreas cells to make them work properly

Question 68

What is homeostasis

Answer 68

Keeping the conditions of the body within a narrow ranges