Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Poppy > Keeping Internal Conditions Constatnt > Flashcards

Keeping Internal Conditions Constatnt Flashcards

1
Q

What does homeostasis control

A

Temperature, blood glucose, water, ion content and levels of waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the waste products which have to be removed from the body

A

Carbon dioxide, from respiration, removed from the lungs when breathed out
Urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is urea produced

A

The liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is urea produced from

A

The breakdown of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is urea removed from and where is the done

A

It is removed by the kidneys from the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is urine temporarily stored

A

Bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When do water and ions enter the body

A

When we eat and drink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens it the water or ion content is wrong

A

Too much water may move in and out of the cells which could destroy the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 3 important jobs do the kidneys do

A

Filter the blood
Excrete unwanted substances
Keep the vital substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does a healthy kidney produce urine

A

Filtering the blood
Reabsorbing sugar
Reabsorbing the dissolved ions needed by the body
Reabsorbing as much water as the body needs
Releasing urea, excess Ions and water ring the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is urine made

A

Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can be used to keep someone with kidney failure alive

A

Dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In a dialysis machine what does the blood flow between

A

Partially permeable membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What must the concentration of the dialysis fluid be in comparison to the patients blood

A

It must be the same concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why must the concentration of the dialysis fluid be the same as the patients blood

A

So the useful substances, glucose and mineral ions do not diffuse out of the blood so they don’t need to b reabsorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does the urea go during dialysis

A

It diffuses out from the blood into the dialysis fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the purpose of dialysis

A

It restores the concentration of substances in the blood back to normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is inconvenient about dialysis

A

It need to be carried out at regular intervals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When may a person with kidney failure no longer need dialysis

A

If they have a kidney transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why does dialysis fluid not just consist of water

A

All useful solutes would diffuse out of the blood as well as the urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where are kidneys for transplanting sourced from

A

Living donors or from a victim of a fatal accident

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is it important that the kidney is well tissue matched

A

To prevent rejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens in the process of Organ rejection

A

There proteins on the surface of cells know as antigens. The recipients antibodies may attack the antigen son the donor organ because they recognise them as being foreign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What drugs must be taken and why after an organ transplant

A

Immunosuppressants to suppress the immune response and prevent rejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the risk of organ transplant

A

Due to the patient having to take drugs to suppress their immune system the patient is left vulnerable to common infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the main advantage of a kidney transplant over dialysis

A

The patient does not have to be attached to a machine every few days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What temperature must the human body be kept at so the enzymes can work

A

37 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the body temperatures monitored and controlled by

A

The thermoregulatory centre

29
Q

Where is the thermoregulatory centre

A

The brain

30
Q

What does the thermoregulatory centre have in order to control the body temperature

A

Receptors which detect the temperature of the blood flowing through the brain

31
Q

What do the temperature receptors on the skin do

A

They send impulses to the brain to give information about skin temperature

32
Q

Why does the skin look red when we are hot

A

Increased blood flow

33
Q

What does sweating help to do

A

Coo, the body

34
Q

Why must you drink lots on a hot day

A

More water is lost from the skin so more water must be taken in to balance this loss

35
Q

If the core temperature rises what happens to blood vessels

A

The dilate allowing more blood to flow through skin capillaries and enemy is transferred through radiation and the skin cools

36
Q

If the core temperature rises what happens in the sweat glands

A

Sweats glands produce more sweat. It’s water evaporates from the skins surface. The energy required for the water to evaporate comes from the skins surface. So we cool down and boys temperature falls

37
Q

If the core temperature falls what happens to the blood vessels

A

The blood vessels near the surface of the skin constrict and less blood flows through rage skin capillaries. Less energy is radiated

38
Q

Why do we shiver when our core temperature falls

A

Muscles contract quickly. This requires respiration and some of the energy released warms the blood

39
Q

Why does sweating cool the body

A

The water in the sweat evaporates energy from the skin is used to turn the water into water vapour so the skin cools

40
Q

What 5 things do doctors consider when deciding the course of action for a patient with kidney failure

A

The general health of the patient
How long the patient has been on dialysis
The total cost of treatment, long term cost of continuing dialysis over operation costs followed by immunise pressing treatment
The risks of transplanting, anethesthetics, infection
The availiability of donor kidneys

41
Q

What are the ethical issues of kidney transplanting

A

Should everyone be automatically on a transplant register or should you opt in?
Should people be paid to be donors?
Should people pay for a new kidney to jump the queue?

42
Q

Why is carrying a donor card or telling your family if you want to be a do not important

A

Donors are usually people who have died in accidents and it is distressing for families to make decisions about being a donor after they have lost a loved one

43
Q

Why are extreme temperatures dangerous

A

The body’s enzymes will stop working

44
Q

Children have a large ……

A

Surface area to volume ratio

45
Q

Why do children in cold conditions get cold very quickly and dehydrate in hot conditions

A

Because of their large SA to volume ratio they transfer energy very quickly

46
Q

What happens if the body temperature is too low

A

The respiratory enzymes work too slowly and too little energy is released

47
Q

What happens if the child dehydrates

A

They cannot cool down and they overheat, which means enzymes denature

48
Q

Why do old people get hyperthermia in cold conditions

A

They don not move around much to release energy from respiration in the muscles

49
Q

What do explorers in extreme conditions learn in order to survive

A

Symptoms of hypothermia and dehydration

50
Q

What does the pancreas control

A

It monitors and controls the level of glucose in the blood

51
Q

If there is too much glucose in the blood what does the pancreas release

A

The hormone insulin

52
Q

What does insulin cause to happen

A

The glucose to move from the blood into the cells

53
Q

What happens to excess glucose

A

It is converted into glycogen for storage

54
Q

Where is glucose converted into glycogen

A

The liver

55
Q

What happens if no or little insulin is produced

A

The blood glucose becomes too high

56
Q

What is the condition in which your blood sugar is too high known as

A

Type 1 diabetes

57
Q

How is type 1 diabetes controlled

A

Injections of insulin and careful attention to diet and levels of exercise

58
Q

What does insulin cause to happen

A

Blood glucose levels to fall

59
Q

What happens if the blood glucose level gets too low

A

The receptors in the pancreas detect the low level

60
Q

What does the pancreas release when blood glucose gets too low

A

The pancreas releases glucagon

61
Q

What does the glucagon cause

A

The glycogen in the liver to change into glucose

62
Q

What happens to the glucose produced from the glycogen

A

It is released back into the blood

63
Q

How is insulin produced for injections to treat type 1 diabetes

A

It is produced by genetically engineered bacteria

64
Q

When does a diabetic have to inject insulin

A

Before meals every day of their life

65
Q

What must active diabetics do

A

Match the amount of insulin injected with their diet and exercise

66
Q

What may other diabetics use instead of an injection

A

They use pumps attatched to the body and they can adjust the level of insulin injected by the pump

67
Q

What are the 5 new possible new developments for treating and possibly curing type 1 diabetes

A

Pancreas transplants
Transplanting pancreas cells
Using embryonic stem cells to produce insulin secreting cells
Using adult stem cells from diabetic patients
Genetically engineering pancreas cells to make them work properly

68
Q

What is homeostasis

A

Keeping the conditions of the body within a narrow ranges

Poppy (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions