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11 Biology > Transportation and Respiration > Flashcards

Transportation and Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Blood transports ____, _____, and ______

A

oxygen, nutrients and hormones

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2
Q

blood also carries this main waste back to the lungs for expiration

A

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

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3
Q

The main components of the cardiovascular system include:

A

Heart, Blood, and Vessels

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4
Q

a yellowish fluid that blood cells are suspended in is called ______

A

Plasma

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5
Q

the average human body has how many litres of blood?

A

5

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6
Q

Blood makes up approximately what percentage of body weight?

A

7%

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7
Q

what are the three major functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

transportation, regulation, and protection

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8
Q

the cardiovascular system transports different components around the body. What are some of the components that are transported?

A

nutrients, oxygen, hormones, carbone dioxide, wastes

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9
Q

the cardiovascular system regulates different components in the body. What does it regulate?

A

pH, temperature, hormones

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10
Q

The cardiovascular system helps to protect the body. What things does it do in order to protect the body?

A

Creating blood clots, creating white blood cells to fight diseases and infections

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11
Q

blood is comprised of ______, ______, _______ and ________

A

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

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12
Q

The biology word we use for Red Blood Cells

A

Erythrocyte

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13
Q

The biology word we use for White Blood Cell

A

Leukocyte

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14
Q

The biology word we use for platelets

A

thrombocytes

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15
Q

Erythrocytes have this shape. What is the purpose of this shape?

A

Biconcave; it increases the surface area of the cell

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16
Q

Erythrocytes and leukocytes are produced where in the body?

A

Bone Marrow

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17
Q

Name two hereditary Blood Disorders.

A

Hemophilia and Sickle Cell Disease

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18
Q

What is Anemia?

A

an iron deficiency. RBC will appear smaller and more pale than normal

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19
Q

What is sickle cell anemia?

A

a hereditary blood disorder. It changes the shape of RBC and makes them sticky. Can cause blood clots

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20
Q

White blood cells make up what percentage of blood?

A

~1%. It can double when sick

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21
Q

Plasma makes up what percentage of blood?

A

~55%

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22
Q

Red blood cells make up what percentage of blood?

A

~45%

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23
Q

What are the 5 types of leukocytes?

A

Basophils, Eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils

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24
Q

What is the name of the process in which Leukocytes engulf pathogens?

A

Phagocytosis

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25
Platelets are important for what process?
coagulation
26
What two factors prevent clots from forming inside uninjured blood vessels?
the smoothness of the inner wall of the vessels and anticoagulants
27
What are the 4 major blood groups?
A, B, AB, and O
28
What is a person's blood type is determined by?
the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of RBC
29
What is an Antigen?
A protein on the surface of a RBC. Can cause an immune response
30
What is an Antibody?
Proteins in the blood that are suspended in plasma. They bind to antigens to destroy them
31
People with blood type A have what type of antigens?
A antigens
32
People with blood type A have what type of antibodies?
Anti-B Antibodies
33
People with blood type B have what type of antigens?
B Antigens
34
People with blood type B have what type of antibodies?
Anti-A Antibodies
35
People with blood type AB have what type of antigens?
A and B antigens
36
People with blood type AB have what type of antibodies?
none!
37
People with blood type O- have what type of antigens?
none!
38
People with blood type A have what type of antibodies?
Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies
39
what is an Rh factor?
an antigen that will determine positive or negative blood types
40
What is agglutination?
an antigen-antibody reaction that creates clumps in blood when wrong types are mixed
41
Which blood type is a universal donor?
Type O-
42
what three elements make up the circulatory sustem?
heart, blood vessels, blood
43
Blood from the pulmonary vessels transports blood where? why?
from the heart to the lungs and back, in order to be oxygenated and remove CO2 from the body
44
Blood from the systemic vessels transports blood where? why?
from the heart to the tissues in all parts of the body and back, in order to deliver oxygen to the tissues and remove CO2 wastes
45
what types of blood vessels are in the body?
arteries, capillaries, and veins
46
What is the purpose of arteries
Carries blood away from the heart. Transports oxygen and nutrients
47
What is the purpose of veins?
carries blood towards the heart, to transport CO2 and wastes
48
what is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
49
what special structures do veins have?
Veins have valves in them to prevent backflow of blood
50
What are capillaries?
Thin, permeable vessels. This is the location that gas and waste/nutrient exchanges are happening
51
What is the name of the tough membrane that surrounds the heart?
pericardium
52
What is the name of the structure that separates the left and right sides of the heart?
Septum
53
Name the pathway of blood through the heart starting at the Vena Cava
Vena Cava > Right Atrium > Right Ventricle > Pulmonary Artery > LUNGS > Pulmonary Veins > Left Atrium > Left Ventricle > Aorta
54
Which node is the pacemaker of the heart?
the Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)
55
What is systole?
a part of the heartbeat cycle where the ventricles contract to push blood out of the heart
56
what is diastole?
a part of the heartbeat cycle where the heart is at rest. Blood will fill the ventricles at this stage
57
What chemical regulator tells the body to increase heartrate to lower CO2 levels?
Noradrenaline
58
what chemical regulator tells the body to slow the heartrate?
acetylcholine
59
What is blood pressure caused by?
the force of blood pushing on artery walls
60
what is considered a normal blood pressure?
120/80
61
Name the causes of increased blood pressure
exercise, hypertension, aging, diet, lifestyle
62
What is the name for the narrowing of the arteries from plaque?
Atherosclerosis
63
Name the two respiratory system requirements
Respiratory surface and moist environment
64
Name the structures in the Upper Respiratory Tract
Mouth, Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, uvula
65
Exchange of oxygen and CO2 between the air and blood
external respiration
66
exchange of oxygen and CO2 between blood and cells
internal respiration
67
chemical reactions that use oxygen to break down food molecules to get chemical energy for cell functions. Takes place in the cells
Cellular Respiration
68
What are the three functions of the nasal cavity
Air is Cleaned, Moistened, and warmed
69
Name the structures in the Lower Respiratory Tract
Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli ducts, Alveoli
70
What muscles are used for breathing?
Intercostal and Diaphragm
71
Explain Inhalation
ribs move upwards and outward. Diaphragm pulls down to allow lungs to expand, and pull air in to lungs
72
Explain Exhalation
Ribs move inward and downward. Diaphragm pushes up to force air out of the lungs
73
Breathing is controlled by what part of the brain?
Medulla Oblongata
74
What do arterial chemoreceptors detect?
pH and CO2 levels
75
Which type of blood vessel has thick walls in order to withstand high pressure?
Artery
76
Blood vessels that allow diffusion of gases through their thin walls are the
capillaries
77
The main function of capillaries is to?
The main function of capillaries is to
78
The function of an artery is to
transport blood away from the heart.
79
The blood vessel that carries blood from the lungs to the heart is the
pulmonary vein
80
if you are an O+ blood type, you can safely receive what blood type(s)?
O+, O-
81
if you are an O- blood type, you can safely receive what blood type(s)?
Only type O- is compatible!
82
if you are an A+ blood type, you can safely receive what blood type(s)?
O+, O-, A+, A-
83
if you are an A- blood type, you can safely receive what blood type(s)?
O-, A-
84
if you are an B+ blood type, you can safely receive what blood type(s)?
O+, O-, B+, B-
85
if you are an B- blood type, you can safely receive what blood type(s)?
O-, B-
86
if you are an AB+ blood type, you can safely receive what blood type(s)?
All the blood types are compatible!
87
if you are an AB- blood type, you can safely receive what blood type(s)?
O-. A-, B-, AB-
88
the membrane that surrounds the lungs is called the ________
Pleura
89

11 Biology (5 decks)

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