Excretion and Waste Management

Question 1

Define excretion

Answer 1

the process of getting rid of wastes that are produced in the body

Question 2

Define Metabolism

Answer 2

the chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy

Question 3

Ammonia is a waste product that comes from what?

Answer 3

The breakdown of Amino Acids

Question 4

Which Organ(s) processes the waste, ammonia

Answer 4

The Kidneys

Question 5

Urea is a waste product that comes from what?

Answer 5

a byproduct from the conversion of ammonia in the liver

Question 6

Carbon Dioxide is a waste product that comes from what?

Answer 6

Cellular Respiration

Question 7

Mineral salts are a waste product that comes from what?

Answer 7

Food and Water

Question 8

Which Organ(s) processes the waste, Urea?

Answer 8

Kidneys and Skin

Question 9

Which Organ(s) processes the waste, Carbon Dioxide

Answer 9

Lungs

Question 10

High Ammonia levels can cause

Answer 10

confusion, tiredness, and possibly coma or death

Question 11

When the liver is overgrown with extra tissue and lowers its ability to purify blood

Answer 11

Cirrhosis

Question 12

What is Jaundice caused by?

Answer 12

The build-up of bilirubin in the blood

Question 13

What is bilirubin?

Answer 13

the normal breakdown of Red Blood Cells. If the liver is healthy, it will remove bilirubin and concentrate it into bile

Question 14

Why is Feces not considered a waste in this unit?

Answer 14

Feces removes the undigested food from the alimentary canal through the anus. Since fecal matter is not formed by metabolic reactions, this process is not considered to be an excretion

Question 15

What is the waste that leaves the kidneys?

Answer 15

Urine

Question 16

What is urine is composed of?

Answer 16

Water, salts, and urea

Question 17

How much fluid can the bladder hold?

Answer 17

400-600 mL of fluid

Question 18

What helps to control the drainage of urine from the bladder

Answer 18

two sphincters: one involuntary, and one voluntary (one you can control and one that the body automatically controls)

Question 19

What is a UTI?

Answer 19

Urinary Tract Infection: A common infections that happen when bacteria, often from the skin or rectum, enter the urethra and infect the urinary tract

Question 20

Why are men less likely to contract a UTI?

Answer 20

Men have a much longer urethra than women which means that bacteria have to travel much further to infect the bladder

Question 21

What is the main function of the kidneys?

Answer 21

to filter blood to remove metabolic waste products from the body

Question 22

What happens if a person only has one kidney?

Answer 22

The kidney will enlarge to handle the increased workload

Question 23

Kidneys have multiple functions. What other jobs to do kidneys contribute to in the body?

Answer 23

control water balance (which affects blood pressure, control pH of blood, control levels of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and calcium, secrete hormones that help RBC production, activate vitamin D

Question 24

What is the outermost layer of the Kidneys called?

Answer 24

Renal Capsule

Question 25

What part of the Kidney is responsible for filtration?

Answer 25

Renal Cortex

Question 26

What part of the Kidney contains the Renal Pyramids?

Answer 26

Renal Medulla

Question 27

What part of the Kidney is responsible for transport?

Answer 27

Renal Pelvis

Question 28

What part of the Kidney is responsible for moving urine towards the bladder?

Answer 28

Ureter

Question 29

Kidneys contain estimated millions of these structures

Answer 29

Nephrons

Question 30

What is the order that the nephric filtrate moves through the nephron?

Answer 30

Bowman's Capsule ➔ Proximal Convoluted Tubule ➔ Descending Loop of Henle ➔ Loop of Henle ➔ Ascending Loop of Henle ➔ Distal Convoluted Tuble ➔ Collecting Duct

Question 31

The upper portion of the nephron is in what part of the kidney?

Answer 31

Renal Cortex

Question 32

The lower portion of the nephron is in what part of the kidney?

Answer 32

Renal Medulla

Question 33

The tubules of a nephron are surrounded by what?

Answer 33

A network of capillaries

Question 34

what are the three main tasks that the nephron carries out?

Answer 34

Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion

Question 35

What things are too big to be filtered through the Bowman's Capsule?

Answer 35

Proteins and Blood cells

Question 36

Fluid in the Bowman's Capsule is called __________.

Answer 36

Nephric Filtrate

Question 37

What happens during the reabsorption step in a nephron?

Answer 37

Materials required by the body are returned to the bloodstream

Question 38

Why do Kidney stones occur?

Answer 38

When urine is too concentrated with minerals, such as salt, they can crystallize and stick together

Question 39

Which hormone helps to balance blood volume?

Answer 39

Anti-Diuretic Hormone

Question 40

Which hormone helps to balance blood composition?

Answer 40

Aldosterone

Question 41

How do the kidneys and body balance water in the body?

Answer 41

Negative Feed Back loop

Question 42

What does ADH do?

Answer 42

ADH reduces urine volume by causing the collecting tubules allow more water to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream

Question 43

What does Aldosterone do?

Answer 43

Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption which increases water reabsorption into the blood

Question 44

What does drinking Alcohol do?

Answer 44

Inhibits release of ADH which means that less water will be reabsorbed. Water gets excreted and can lead to dehydration

Question 45

What is a Urinalysis?

Answer 45

a test of urine's physical and chemical properties

Question 46

What can urinalysis detect?

Answer 46

UTIs, Kidney Disease, Diabetes, Pregnancy, drug use, etc.

Question 47

Which structure carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body?

Answer 47

urethra

Question 48

The tube that carries urine out of the bladder is the ____

Answer 48

ureter

Question 49

Urine is stored in the _______

Answer 49

Bladder

Question 50

Excretion can be defined as the removal of

Answer 50

metabolic wastes from the body

Question 51

Production of urea occurs in the

Answer 51

Liver

Question 52

Which of the following metabolic wastes is excreted by the skin?

Answer 52

Urea

Question 53

Blood is brought to the glomerulus by the

Answer 53

afferent arteriole

Question 54

In a healthy person, Bowman’s capsules are found in the renal ____

Answer 54

cortex

Question 55

Blood entering the kidney is filtered by the

Answer 55

glomerulus

Question 56

The tonicity of the tissue surrounding the loop of Henle is vital to the maintenance of blood volume because it _____

Answer 56

Moves water from the urine back into the blood

Question 57

The site of tubular excretion is the

Answer 57

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Question 58

Which substance would normally be found in higher concentration in urine than in blood?

Answer 58

urea

Question 59

The correct sequence for the path of urine is 1. Ureter. 2. Urethra. 3. Kidney. 4. Urinary bladder.

Answer 59

3, 1, 4, 2

Question 60

The source of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is the _____

Answer 60

Pituitary Gland

Question 61

Which of the following would increase as ADH levels rise?

Answer 61

Blood Volume

Question 62

Aldosterone is secreted by the

Answer 62

Adrenal Cortex

Question 63

Increasing the levels of aldosterone in the blood would result in

Answer 63

increased blood volume

Question 64

The hormone aldosterone is involved in the regulation of

Answer 64

sodium and potassium levels in the plasma

Question 65

Which of the following causes the release of aldosterone?

Answer 65

Low sodium levels in the blood

Question 66

Sodium levels in the blood are regulated by

Answer 66

Aldosterone

Question 67

Which of the following symptoms might be an indication of kidney failure?

Answer 67

Protein in the urine

Question 68

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases in the blood...

Answer 68

more water is reabsorbed and urine output decreases

Question 69

Low blood volume will result in

Answer 69

increased secretion of ADH and aldosterone