Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

11 Biology > Protection & Control > Flashcards

Protection & Control Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the difference between a gyrus and a sulcus?

A

A gyrus is a bump in the brain, a sulcus is a groove.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

The cerebral cortex is the brain’s outer layer of gray matter. It consists of four main lobes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four main lobes comprising the cerebral cortex?

A

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What functions are associated with the frontal lobe?

A

reasoning
planning
parts of speech
movement
problem solving
decision making

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What functions are associated with the parietal lobe?

A

movement
orientation
recognition
perception of stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 3 functions are associated with the temporal lobe?

A

perception/recognition of auditory stimuli
memory
speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What function is associated with the occipital lobe?

A

visual processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two main components of the brain stem?

A

midbrain
hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are three main components of the hindbrain?

A

Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What functions are associated with the pons?

A

bladder control
eye movement
facial expressions
hearing
posture
respiration
sleep
swallowing
taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some functions associated with the medulla?

A

breathing
heart rate
blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some functions associated with the cerebellum?

A

Fine motor control
Balance and equilibrium
Muscle tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some functions supported by the limbic system?

A

emotion
behavior
motivation
long-term memory
olfaction (smell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

“Command center” of the brain
Processes and relays sensory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two sub-systems of the nervous system?

A

The central nervous system
The peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the physical components of the central nervous system (CNS)?

A

The brain and the spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the physical component of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

A

All of the body’s nerves.
(The peripheral nervous system is further sub-divided into the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

define the somatic nervous system

A

The somatic nervous system is the sub-system of the PNS responsible for the voluntary control of muscle functioning and the detection of stimuli through the body’s sensory receptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

define the autonomic nervous system

A

The autonomic nervous system is the sub-system of the PNS responsible for subconscious, involuntary, visceral functions that maintain the body at a homeostatic state.

The autonomic nervous system coordinates activities such as digestion, heart rate, respiratory rate, salivation, excretion of urine, secretion of hormones, and sexual arousal.

20
Q

define the sympathetic nervous system

A

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a sub-system of the autonomic nervous system that acts to prepare the body for physical or mental activity, particularly in the fight-or-flight response.

The SNS responds to major stressors by increasing heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and perspiration, dilating pupils and bronchi, and decreasing digestion.

21
Q

define the parasympathetic nervous system

A

The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) is a sub-system of the autonomic nervous system responsible for “rest and digest”, or the overall slow-down of the body’s functions in order to conserve energy.

The only body functions that the PNS augments are digestion and sexual arousal.

22
Q

What two types of cells comprise the nervous system?

A

neurons and glial cells

23
Q

define a neuron

A

A neuron is the electrically excitable cell that comprises the nervous system and functions to process and transmit impulses through the body.

24
Q

define a glial cell

A

A glial cell functions to support the neuronal cells within the nervous system by providing nourishment, protection, and physical support.

25
Q

define a synapse

A

A synapse is the location where the axon of one neuron connects to the dendrite of the next.

26
Q

define an electrical synapse

A

An electrical synapse is a synapse in which the neurons are directly touching and are connected by small junctions that allow nerve impulses to pass directly from one neuron to the other.

27
Q

define a chemical synapse

A

A chemical synapse is a synapse in which the neurons do not actually touch, and instead communicate by sending chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) that bridge the gap between them.

28
Q

define a neurotransmitter

A

A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that allows for the communication between neurons in a chemical synapse.

29
Q

define an action potential

A

An action potential is the technical term used to describe a nerve impulse.

30
Q

define myelin

A

Myelin is a fat-like insulating sheath, made by glial cells, that surrounds the axons of neurons and dramatically increases the speed of the action potential propagation.

31
Q

Which of the following is controlled by the somatic nervous system?
A. rate of heartbeat
B. contraction of skeletal muscles
C. increased blood flow to muscle tissue
D. movement of food through the intestines

A

C. increased blood flow to muscle tissue

32
Q

Which of the components of the nervous system has both autonomic and somatic divisions?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

33
Q

The central nervous system includes the

A

cranial and spinal nerves

34
Q

The somatic nervous system controls

A

smooth muscle

35
Q

The part of a sensory neuron that transmits nerve impulses from a receptor to the cell body is the

A

dendrite

36
Q

What type of neuron transmits an impulse to the central nervous system?

A

Motor

37
Q

The type of neuron that is found only in the central nervous system is the

A

interneuron

38
Q

Nerve cells are called

A

neurons

39
Q

The speed of a nerve impulse along a sensory neuron depends on the

A

myelin sheath

40
Q

Which of the following most accurately describes the function of the nodes of Ranvier?

A

Speed the transmission of nerve impulses

41
Q

In an axon, the nerve impulses normally travel

A

away from the cell body

42
Q

Use the following information to answer the question:
1. Axon
2. Dendrite
3. Cell body
4. Receptor

A

4, 2, 3, 1

43
Q

The speed of nerve impulse conduction is increased by the presence of

A

Myelin

44
Q

The hormone that initiates the “fight or flight” response is produced by the

A

adrenal gland

45
Q
A

11 Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions