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11 Biology > Digestion and Nutrition > Flashcards

Digestion and Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

A

To break down food and absorb nutrients

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT a component of the alimentary canal? Mouth
Esophagus
Liver
Small intestine

A

Liver

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3
Q

Where does most nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?

A

Small intestine

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4
Q

What process moves food through the alimentary canal?

A

Peristalsis

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5
Q

Which of the following is the function of bile in digestion?
Breaking down proteins
Emulsifying fats
Absorbing nutrients
Producing vitamins

A

Emulsifying fats

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6
Q

Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates in the mouth?

A

Amylase

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7
Q

What role do villi play in digestion?

A

Increase surface area for nutrient absorption

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8
Q

How does the pancreas aid in digestion?

A

Produces enzymes to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

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9
Q

Which organ stores bile before releasing it into the small intestine?

A

Gallbladder

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10
Q

Which of the following nutrients is NOT digested in the stomach?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats
Nucleic acids

A

Carbohydrates

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11
Q

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

A

Absorb water and electrolytes

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12
Q

Which part of the alimentary canal is responsible for mechanical digestion through chewing?

A

Mouth

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13
Q

How does temperature affect enzyme activity in digestion?

A

Denatures enzymes at very high temperatures

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14
Q

What is the role of the pyloric sphincter in digestion?

A

Regulates passage of chyme from stomach to small intestine

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15
Q

The enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach is called ___________

A

Pepsin

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16
Q

Nutrient absorption occurs mainly in the _____________

A

small intestines

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17
Q

The finger-like structures in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption are called _____________

A

villi

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18
Q

The pancreas secretes enzymes that help break down ______________, __________, and __________

A

carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

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19
Q

The process of moving food through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive system via muscular contractions is known as ______________

A

peristalsis

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20
Q

Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the majority of chemical digestion?

A

Small intestine

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21
Q

What is the primary function of enzymes in the digestive process?

A

To speed up the breakdown of food molecules

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22
Q

Which nutrient is primarily broken down by bile before absorption?

A

Fats

23
Q

The role of an enzyme in a chemical reaction is to

A

speed up the reaction

24
Q

In the cell, enzymes act as

A

catalysts

25
Q

Compounds that are needed for enzymes to function properly are

A

vitamins

26
Q

The area of an enzyme into which a substrate fits is called the

A

active site

27
Q

Digestion is defined as the process whereby

A

food is chemically and physically broken down

28
Q

Which of the following describes peristalsis?

A

muscle contractions of the digestive tract

29
Q

Chewing food aids digestion by

A

increasing the surface area of the food

30
Q

The part of the digestive tract where starch first undergoes chemical digestion is the

A

mouth

31
Q

Saliva contains an enzyme that partially digests

A

starch

32
Q

The role of Sodium bicarbonate ( NaHCO3 ) in pancreatic juice

A

neutralizes acid chyme

33
Q

Which of the following is not a function of pancreatic juice?
A. Raising pH
B. Emulsifying
C. Starch digestion
D. Protein digestion

A

Emulsifying

34
Q

If sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ) is not released as part of the pancreatic juice, the pH of the
A. stomach will remain basic
B. pancreas will become acidic
C. large intestine will become basic
D. small intestine will remain acidic

A

small intestine will remain acidic

35
Q

The function of the pyloric sphincter is to prevent the backflow of material from the ________________

A

duodenum to the stomach

36
Q

A function of the small intestine is to

A

absorb nutrients

37
Q

Which of the following is an example of physical/mechanical digestion?
A. Hydrolysis
B. Release of gastrin
C. Churning in the stomach
D. Action of lipase in the small intestine

A

Churning in the stomach

38
Q

Structures of the small intestine that aid in the absorption of nutrients include _________

A

villi

39
Q

The gall bladder functions to _________

A

store bile

40
Q

The absorption of water from the digestive tract occurs mainly in the _______________

A

colon

41
Q

The main source of energy for the body’s metabolic processes comes from the breakdown of ________________

A

carbohydrates

42
Q

Absorption of most nutrients from the digestive tract occurs in the

A

small intestine

43
Q

An example of absorption is the
A. movement of food by peristalsis
B. active transport of glucose into a villus
C. hydrolysis of a peptide into amino acids
D. release of secretin in the presence of HCl

A

active transport of glucose into a villus

44
Q

The space at the back of the mouth

A

Pharynx

45
Q

produced by the salivary glands to break down starches into sugar

A

amylase

46
Q

folds within the stomach that increase the surface area to help break down food

A

rugae

47
Q

the results from build-up of bile pigments due to a damaged or non-functioning liver

A

jaundice

48
Q

this regulates the passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach

A

cardiac sphincter

49
Q

regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum (small intestine)

A

pyloric sphincter

50
Q

the order of the portions of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

51
Q

a pouch-like area between the ileum and the colon

A

cecum

52
Q

the end of the large intestine that stores feces

A

rectum

53
Q

the order of the portions of the large intestine

A

ascending, transverse, descending

11 Biology (5 decks)

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