Homeostasis Flashcards
The maintenance of the body’s constant internal environment is termed
homeostasis
Most of the cell membrane is made from
Phospholipids
Carrier molecules that bring materials into cells are
proteins
The fluid-mosaic membrane model describes the membrane as having a
phospholipid bilayer
Which condition is required for diffusion to occur?
A concentration difference
The rate of diffusion across the cell membrane is affected by the
temperature and size of the molecule
Frog eggs placed in an isotonic solution will _____
stay the same
When put in a hypotonic environment, an animal cell will
swell
A cell would tend to gain water if it were moved from
an isotonic solution to a hypotonic solution
If the solute concentration of solution A is greater than solution B, then solution A is said to be
hypertonic to solution B
Which type of transport moves material against a concentration gradient?
active transport
Which of processes moves molecules using cellular energy?
ion pumps (Na/K pump, ATPase pump), exocytosis and endocytosis.
Which of the processes would be directly affected by a lack of cellular ATP?
active transport
How many of the following factors would affect the permeability of the cell membrane?
Size of molecules
Lipid solubility of molecules
Presence of transport channels
Presence of STP inside the cell
all (4)
What aids the movement of glucose across a cell membrane?
protein
The tendency of a system to maintain a constant internal environment is known as
homeostasis
The _____________________ is a rigid layer of cellulose that provides protection and support
cell wall
The body stores energy in the bonds between the phosphate of _____________________ molecules
ATP
The _____________________of a cell affects the health of the cell since all nutrients and waste must pass across the cell membrane
surface area
In a negative feedback loop, the _____________________receives the information from the _____________________
control center, receptor OR effector, control center
_____________________ consists of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable
cell membrane
The body has a _____________________ that detects a deviation of the state of the cells or the body from the _____________________ point
sensor, set
The information (from a sensor) is relayed to a _____________________center, usually the brain, where signals go to _____________________ that cause a _____________________feedback
control, effectors, negative
The process in which the body regulates water and solute levels in the body
Osmoregulation
The diffusion of water molecules
Osmosis
The process of engulfing material and bringing it inside the cell
Endocytosis
Energy source for cells; a product of metabolism
ATP
Created by a difference in concentrations between two solutions
Concentration Gradient
The process a cell uses to expel waste
Exocytosis
The process in which the body works to maintain a constant internal body temperature
thermoregulation
What are the components of wellness?
mental/intellectual, physical, emotional, spiritual, social, environmental
What is the fluid-mosaic model
the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components —including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates.
the membrane is fluid with the molecules moving and the membrane itself being able to bend and move
what is active transport?
movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient. Active transport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement.
what is passive transport?
does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes.
What are the characteristics of life?
organization, metabolism, homeostasis, reproduction, growth & development, responsive
What is a negative feedback loop?
biological response in which the effects of a reaction slow or stop that reaction (know examples or how to draw an example)
What are factors that affect cell movement?
temperature, concentration, surface area, size, polarity
define hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic
An isotonic solution is one that has the same concentration of solutes both inside and outside the cell.
A hypertonic solution is one that has a higher solute concentration outside the cell than inside.
A hypotonic solution is one that has a higher solute concentration inside the cell than outside.
What is facilitated diffusion
molecules pass through a cell membrane using transport proteins
What is a phospholipid?
component off the cell membrane; creates a bilayer (know how to draw a simplified diagram of a cell membrane)
what is a concentration gradient?
A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.
What is cellular respiration?
A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars) resulting in waste such as carbon dioxide
