Transport systems- animals Flashcards
Identify the three main parts of blood
Plasma- liquid part of blood
Red blood cells- involved in transport of oxygen
White blood cells- part of the immune system
Identify the main substances transported in the blood
Blood is involved in the transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients such as glucose and amino acids around the body in the circulation system
Identify the two main parts of the blood that are involved in transport of substances
Transport of substances by blood happens in the plasma and in the red blood cells
State three specialised features of red blood cells
Red blood cells are designed to transport oxygen within the blood. They have specialised features to allow them to carry out this function such as
- Biconcave disc shape
- No nucleus
- Haemoglobin
Explain how the specialised features of red blood cells relate to their function in transporting oxygen
Biconcave disc shape- This specific shape creates the maximum surface area for transport of oxygen
No nucleus- Lack of a nucleus increases the space available inside the red blood cell for transport of oxygen
Haemoglobin- This is a protein that binds specifically to oxygen molecules
Describe the role of haemoglobin in the transport of oxygen
Haemoglobin binds to oxygen entering the blood stream to form a chemical called oxyhaemoglobin. This happens in the capillaries inside the lungs. The oxyhaemoglobin then transports its oxygen to respiring body cells and returning to the form of haemoglobin
What is the word equation for haemoglobin
Haemoglobin + oxygen = oxyhaemoglobin
When turning into oxyhaemoglobin it happens in the lung tissue
When returning back into haemoglobin it happens in the body tissues
Define the term pathogen
A pathogen is a disease causing organism e.g. bacteria and viruses
Name the body system that white blood cells are part of and state its function
White blood cells are part of the immune system. White blood cells are involved in the destruction of pathogens that invade the body
Name two types of white blood cell and state their functions
Phagocytes- Carry out phagocytosis to engulf and digest the pathogens
Lymphocytes- Some produce antibodies (specific proteins) that bind to pathogens
Describe the process of phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is the process where a phagocyte wraps itself around the invading pathogen trapping the pathogen inside a membrane package. This is called engulfing. The phagocyte then releases digestive enzymes into the membrane package to destroy the pathogen. This is called digestion
Identify the type of chemical that antibodies are made of
Antibodies are made of protein. They have specific shapes complementary to the shape of their specific pathogen target
Identify the four chambers of the heart
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Identify the right-hand and left-hand sides of the heart on a diagram
The left-hand side of the heart is always thicker. The hear is represented as if you were looking at the heart inside a person, so the left hand side of the page shoes the right-hand side of the heart and vice versa
Explain the difference in the thickness of the walls of the ventricles in the heart
The left ventricle wall is thicker than the right ventricle wall because blood is pumped further by the left hand side . The left hand side pushes the blood to the whole of the rest of the body whereas the right hand side only has to push the blood to the lungs
