2.3 reproduction Flashcards
Identify the gametes in an animal
The gametes in an animal are sperm (male) and egg (female)
How does the structure of a sperm cell relate to its function
A sperm cell looks like a tadpole and has a long tail to make it easier to swim towards the egg cell. Its tail is packed with mitochondria to provide energy via aerobic respiration
How does the structure of an egg cell relate to its function
Eggs are larger than sperms (500x) and contain a food store within the cytoplasm to provide energy for the process of mitosis if fertilisation occurs
What is reproduction
Reproduction is the process used by organisms to create new members of there species and to pass their genes. A failure to reproduce may result in species becoming extinct
What are the two types of reproduction?
Sexual and Asexual
What is asexual reproduction
-1 parent
-No gametes required
- Offspring are genetically identical to parents
What is sexual reproduction
- 2 parents
- each contributes a gamete
- Genetically varied offspring
whats the difference between egg and sperm cells
- Egg cells are larger
- One egg cell is produced per month and millions of sperm are produced per ejaclation
- Egg cells cannot move whereas sperm cells can
- Both gametes have 1 haploid set of chromosomes (23)
Identify the sites of gamete production in animals
sperm=Testes
Egg= Ovaries
What is fertalisation
Fertalisation is the fusion of the male gamete/ sperm nucleus with the female gamete/ egg nucleus to form a fertilised egg/zygote
What is a scrotum
A scrotum is a sack of skin that holds the testes away from the body and keeps them at the ideal temperature for sperm production
What is foreskin
Foreskin is a layer of skin that covers the sensitive head of the penis when it is not errect
What do the glands do in a penis
They add fluid to the sperm to make semen
What is a ureathra
The tube that runs down the centre of the penis to carry either sperm or urine
What is a penis
Organ that fills with blood to beocome erect and is used to place sperm into the body of a female during intercorse
What are testes
They produce the male gametes (sperm)
What is a sperm tube
A sperm tube carries sperm from the testes to the penis
What is a uterus
A uterus is where a fertalised egg implants in the blood rich lining and develops into a baby
What are the ovaries
The ovaries are where eggs are produces and released approx once a month from puberty to menapause
What is the oviduct
The oviduct is a tube that carries the egg from the ovary to the uterus. This is where fertaliastion happens
What is a vagina
A vagina is where sperm is released into during sex
What is a vulva
A vulva is protective folds of skin that cover the outside of the female reproductive system
What is a cervix
A cervix is a rung of muscle at the top of the vagina that forms the entrance to the uterus
What is a clitoris
A clitoris is a fleshy bump full of sensitive nerve endings
What are haploids
Haploid means a cell containing a single set of chromosomes. This term is used to describe gametes and is often expressed as n=23
What are diploids
A diploid is a cell containing a double set of chromosomes. This term is used to decrive a zygote from which all normal body cels will be created by the process of mitosis. This is often expressed as 2n-46
What happens to a zygote after fertalisation?
After fertalisation a zygote will undergo repeated cell divisions/ mitosis to form a cluster of cells which becomes and embryo and implants into the uterus wall to develop further
State the term used to describe whet the zygote divides to form
A zygote divides to form a cluster of cells called an embryo
Identify the gametes in plants
The gametes in a plant are pollen (male gamete) and ovules (female gametes)
Where are the male gametes produced in plants
The male gametes are produced in the anthers of the stamens
Where are the female gametes produced in plants
The female gametes are produced in the ovary
What is pollination?
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the sticky stigma. This occurs before fertalisation.
What is the process of fertalisation (pollination) in plants
-A pollen tube grows through the tissues of the flower until it reaches an ovule inside the overy.
- The nucleus of the pollen grain (male gametes) the passes along the pollen tube and fuses with the nucleus of the ovule (female gamete)
What happens post fertallisation (plants)
Seed and fruit formation
- After fertalisation the female pars of the flower develops into a fruit
- Fertalised ovules become seeds
- Ovary wall becomes the fruit
What happens post fertallisation (plants)
Seed and fruit formation
- After fertalisation the female pars of the flower develops into a fruit
- Fertalised ovules become seeds
- Ovary wall becomes the fruit
What does motile mean
Moving or capable of moving spontanously
