key area 1.1 Cell structure Flashcards
Animal cell
Membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes
Plants
Cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, cell membrane, chloroplasts, vacuole, cell wall
Fungal
Cytoplasm, ribosome, mitochondria, nucleus, cell wall, membrane
Bacterial
cell wall, ribosomes, plasmids, membrane, cytoplasm
function of a cell wall
Provides the cell with a rigid shape and structure
Function of Mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration
Chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis
Cell membrane
Controls the entry and exit of materials
Cytoplasm
Site of chemical reactions
Sap Vacoule
Storage of water
Nucleus
Contains genetic information (DNA) controls MOST cell activity
Ribosome
Site of protein synthesis
Plasmids
Extra pieces of DNA found in bacterial cells
State the structural similarities and diffrences between these cells
Similarities- Animal, Plant and fungal cells all have cell membranes, cytoplasm, a nucleus, mitochondria and ribosomes
Differances- Only plannt and fungal cells have a cell wall and a sap vacuole, animal cells do not
Only plant cells have chloroplasts
Identify the main structures found only in plant cells and state their functions
Only plant cells contain chloroplasts. These organelles contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis a process that only plant cells can carry out
State the key features that are used to identify a bacterial cell
Bacterial cells are unique because they have no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles (No mitochondria, chloroplasts or sap vacoule) Their DNA is found ‘naked’ as a single large circular chromosome and many small circular plasmids
Compare the location and structure of chromosomes in animal, plant, fungal and bacterial cells
Identify the extra chromosomal material found in bacterial cells
Bacterial cells contains extra chromosomal material in the form of extra pieces of dna called plasmids
compare the chemical structure of the cell wall in the cells
plant cell walls are made of cellulose (structural carbohydrate) but fungal and bacterial cell walls are made of different chemicals
The purpose of staining cells
Allows you to see the details of the cell contents becasue cells are usally see through
What is a unicellular organism?
Organisms that are only made up of one cell
What is a multicellular organism
An organism that is made up of many cells
What is a microorganism?
A living thing that is too small to be seen by the naked eye
