Transport System- Animals

Question 1

In mammals, what does the blood contain?

Answer 1

• plasma
• red blood cells
• white blood cells

Question 2

In mammals, what does the blood transports?

Answer 2

• nutrients
• carbon dioxide
• oxygen

Question 3

How are the red blood cells specialised to carry oxygen?

Answer 3

• contain haemoglobin which binds to oxygen
• they are biconcave in shape maximises the surface area of the cell membrane for oxygen to diffuse across.
• don’t have a nucleus, so there is more room for haemoglobin.

Question 4

What are white blood cells?

Answer 4

white blood cells are part of the immune system and are involved in destroying pathogens

Question 5

What are the 2 types of cells involved in destroying pathogens?

Answer 5

• Phagocytes; engulfing pathogens and digesting them

- Lymphocytes; roduce antibodies which destroy pathogens

Question 6

What does the right side of your heart do?

Answer 6

the right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 7

What does the left side of your heart do?

Answer 7

the left side of the heart pumps oxygenated

Question 8

What are the four blood vessels and their destination?

Answer 8

• vena cava; blood travels from the body to the heart (right atrium)
• pulmonary artery; blood travels from the heart (right ventricle) to the lungs
• aorta- blood travels from the heart (left ventricle) to the body
• pulmonary vein; blood travels from the lungs to the heart (left atrium)

Question 9

Describe the pathway of oxygenated blood:

Answer 9

oxygenated blood returns from the lungs through the pulmonary vein, enters the left atrium, gets pumped into the left ventircle and is then pumped out through the aorta to the body

Question 10

Describe the pathway of deoxygenated blood:

Answer 10

deoxygenated blood returns from the body through the vena cava, enters the right atrium, gets pumped into the right ventricle and is then pumped out through the pulmonary artery to the lungs where it combines with oxygen

Question 11

What is the function of the coronary artery?

Answer 11

to supply the heart with a constant supply of energy and oxygen rich blood to enable it to respire so that it has the energy to pump constantly

Question 12

What do arteries?

Answer 12

arteries have thick muscular walls, a narrow central channel and carry blood under high pressure away from the heart

Question 13

What do veins?

Answer 13

veins have thinner walls, wider channel and carry blood under low pressure back towards the heart, they contain valves to prevent back-flow of the blood

Question 14

What do capillaries?

Answer 14

capillaries form networks at organs and tissues and are thin walled and have a large surface area to allow the efficient exchange of materials.