Control and communication Flashcards
What three parts is the nervous system composed of?
- The brain
- The spinal cord
- Nerves
What is the nervous system needed for?
The nervous system is need to communicate information around the body to ensure that all the systems work effectively
What do the brain and the spinal cord make up?
The brain and The spinal cord make up the central system
What are the nerves part of?
The nerves are part of the peripheral system and they lead to and from all organs and organ system
What are the three parts of the brain?
- Medulla
- Cerebellum
- Cerebrum
What is the function of Medulla?
Medulla controls rate of breathing and rate of heartbeat
What is the function of Cerebellum?
Cerebellum controls balance and muscular coordination
What is the function of Cerebrum?
Controls conscious thoughts, memory and personality
Describe the spinal cord and information flow:
Sensory nerves carry information from the body’s receptors (sense organs) to the CNS and then the motor nerves carry information to the body’s effectors (muscle).
What makes up the nervous system?
Nerve cells called neurons make up the nervous system
When does a reflex response occurs?
A reflex response occurs when a stimulus indicates that an organism could be in danger of harm, brain isn’t involved
What is a neurone specialised to do?
A neurone is specialised to transmit electrical impulses.
The three types of neurone are:
- Sensory Neurone
- Inter Neurone
- Motor Neurone
What does a Sensory Neurone does?
A Sensory Neurone carry information from sense receptors to the CNS
What does an Inter Neurone does?
An Inter Neurone connects Sensory Neurone to Motor Nerves. used in reflex actions and only is found in CNS
What does a Motor Neurone does?
A Motor Neurone carry information from the CNS to an effector, eg. rapid response from muscles or a slower response from a gland
Stimulus –>Receptors
–> Sensory Neurone –> CNS –> Motor Neurone –> Effector –> Response
What is Reflex Arc?
Reflex Arc is the pathway of information from the sensory neurone through the inter neurone to the motor neurone
Synapse?
The neurones are separated by narrow gaps called the synapse
How the Reflex Arc works?
When a RECEPTOR detects a potential harmful STIMULUS, the SENSORY NEURONE passes this information that crosses the gap, SYNAPSE, to the INTER NEURONE in the spinal cord. The INTER NEURONE passes this information to a MOTOR NEURONE and this causes a RESPONSE in an EFFECTOR (usually a muscle)
What is the function of the Nerve Cell?
The function of the Nerve Cell is to transmit electrical impulses along neurones, which carry information through the body
What are Hormones?
Hormones are chemical messengers that are released into the bloodstream by group of cells called endocrine glands
How can a specific hormone affect a cell?
A specific hormone can affect a cell only if they have a specific receptor for it
Target Tissues?
Hormones stimulate certain tissues known as target tissues
What have Target Tissues?
Target tissues have cells with special receptor protein on their surface. Only tissues with receptor protein for a specific hormone will be affected by it.
How is the concentration of glucose in the blood is regulated?
The concentration of glucose in the blood is regulated by the action of the hormones insulin and glucagon.
Where are Insulin and Glucagon are produced?
Insulin and Glucagon are produced in the pancreas
What form is glucose stored in as in the liver?
Glucose is stored as Glucagon in the liver
What happens when the Blood Glucose Levels are too high.
When Blood Glucose Levels are too high, cells in the pancreases produce insulin to transport in the bloodstream to the liver to make Glucose into Glycogen
What happens when the Blood Glucose Levels are too low.
When Blood Glucose Levels are too low, cells in the pancreases produce Glucagon to transport in the bloodstream to the liver to make Glycogen into Glucose
