Transport of Water and Solutes in Plants Flashcards

1
Q

The membrane that encloses and defines all cells as separate from their environment

A

plasma membrane

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2
Q

consists of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable

A

cell membrane or plasma membrane

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3
Q

characterizes the plasma membrane consisting of a double
layer or bilayer, of lipid molecules,
cholesterol and proteins

A

fluid mosaic model

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4
Q

A number of proteins are
embedded in the lipid bilayer in a
way that resembles a

A

mosaic pattern

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5
Q

The membrane structure is ___ rather than motionless,
and the lipids move ___ within the membrane.

A

fluid ; laterally

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6
Q

The phosphate end of the phospholipid molecule is

A

polar

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7
Q

the fatty acid chains are

A

nonpolar

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8
Q

polar “head” is

A

hydrophilic

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9
Q

nonpolar “tail” is

A

hydrophobic

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10
Q

plasma membrane is choosy about what substances can pass through it, it’s said to be

A

selectively permeable or semipermeable

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11
Q

ease with which substances can pass through a border

A

permeability

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12
Q

most substances can easily pass through

A

permeable

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13
Q

substances can’t pass through

A

impermeable

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14
Q

pupose of membrane’s regulation of the passage of materials

A

maintain homeostasis

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15
Q

requires no energy on the part of the cell

A

passive transport

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16
Q

The molecules are moving from where they’re __ to where they’re
___.

A

more concentrated ; less concentrated

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17
Q

Movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

A

diffusion

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18
Q

it is the only means for gaseous movement within the plant’s body

A

diffusion

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19
Q

The molecules in a gas, a liquid or a solid are in constant motion due to
their

A

kinetic energy

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20
Q

random movement of molecules due to kinetic energy

A

Brownian motion

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21
Q

Unequal distribution of molecules

A

concentration gradient

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22
Q

Once the molecules become uniformly distributed, ___ ___ exists.

A

dynamic equilibrium

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23
Q

The greater the difference in concentration, the more rapid the diffusion. The closer the distribution of the material gets to equilibrium, the slower the diffusion rate.

A

extent of the conentration gradient

24
Q

Heavier molecules move more slowly; therefore, they diffuse more slowly. The reverse is true for lighter molecules.

A

mass of the olecules diffusing

25
Q

As the density of a solvent increases, the diffusion rate decreases. The molecules slow down because they have a more difficult time passing through the denser medium.

A

solvent density

26
Q

nonpolar or lipid-soluble materials pass through plasma membranes more easily than polar materials, allowing a faster diffusion rate.

A

solubility

27
Q

Increased surface area increases the diffusion rate; whereas, a thicker membrane reduces it.

A

Surface area and plasma membrane thickness

28
Q

The greater the distance that a substance must travel, the slower the diffusion rate. This places an upper limitation on cell size.

A

distance travelled

29
Q

Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.

A

osmosis

30
Q

Movement of water from region of high concentration to a region of
low concentration down a concentration gradient.

A

osmosis

31
Q

The method plants use to draw water from the soil into the xylem cells in their roots

A

osmosis

32
Q

The molecules diffuse through the membrane with the help of transport proteins (carrier proteins).

A

Facilitated diffusion

33
Q

act like pores that allow water to diffuse across the membrane at a very fast rate

A

aquaporins

34
Q

Uses energy usually in the form of ATP to pump molecules against the concentration gradient.

A

active transport

35
Q

2 types of transport

A

passive transport
active transport

36
Q

Types of passive transport

A

diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion

37
Q

In active transport movable carrier proteins are called

A

pumps

38
Q

root hairs of plants allows plants to absorb mineral ions, which are necessary for healthy growth.

A

active transport

39
Q

describes how an extracellular solution can change a cell’s volume by affecting osmosis.

A

tonicity

40
Q

A solution’s tonicity often
directly correlates with the

A

solution’s osmolarity

41
Q

describes the solution’s total solute concentration

A

osmolarity

42
Q

A solution with ___ ___ has a greater number of water molecules relative to the number of solute particles.

A

low osmolarity

43
Q

A solution with ___ ___ has fewer water molecules with respect to solute particles

A

high osmolarity

44
Q

types of tonicity

A

hypertonic
isotonic
hypotonic

45
Q

hypertonic
animal cell=
plant cell=

A

shriveled ; plasmolysed

46
Q

isotonic
animal cell=
plant cell=

A

normal ; flaccid

47
Q

hypotonic
animal cell=
plant cell=

A

lysed ; turgid

48
Q

extracellular fluid having a higher osmolarity than the cell’s cytoplasm; therefore, the fluid contains less water than the cell does

A

hypertonic

49
Q

Because the cell has a relatively higher water concentration, water will leave the cell.

A

hypertonic

50
Q

Because the cell has a relatively higher water concentration, water will leave the cell.

A

Hypertonic

51
Q

the extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, and water enters the cell.

A

hypotonic

52
Q

In this situation, water will follow its concentration gradient and enter the cell.

A

hypotonic

53
Q

point at which the plant cell membrane pushes against the cell wall, making the cell swollen and
firm, usually because it’s full of liquid

A

turgidity

54
Q

The plasma membrane pushing (force) against the cell wall creates a pressure

A

turgor pressure

55
Q

When the plasmolysed cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the water travels into the cell, due to the higher concentration of water outside the cell. Then the cell swells and becomes turgid.

A

deplasmolysis