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Bot Lec > Morphoanatomy of Stem > Flashcards

Morphoanatomy of Stem Flashcards

1
Q

an axis

A

stem

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2
Q

stem plus any leaves, flowers, or
buds that may be present

A

shoot

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3
Q

provide internal transport

A

stem

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4
Q

support leaves and reproductive
structures

A

stem

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5
Q

produce new living tissue

A

stem

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6
Q

points at which leaves, aerial roots, and flowers are attached

A

nodes

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7
Q

segments between nodes

A

internodes

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8
Q

the area between the base of a leaf
and the stem – where it can give rise to a branch or a flower

A

axillary bud

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9
Q

contains the apical meristem

A

terminal bud

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10
Q

tiny raised pores for gaseous exchange

A

lenticels

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11
Q

where the leaf stalks grew from the
stem

A

leaf scars

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12
Q

appear as tiny raised dots in the leaf scars

A

bundle scars

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13
Q

ring of small narrow scars left by falling away of the bud scales and
forming a complete thin circle
around a twig

A

bud scars

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14
Q

circular scars left by the falling away
of branch twigs

A

twig scars

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15
Q

are green throughout without
deposition of lignin that would make them woody

A

herbaceous stems

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16
Q

The apical meristem
produces ___
and ___

A

leaf primordia ; bud primordia

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17
Q

will form leaves

A

leaf primordia

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18
Q

will form shoots

A

bud primordia

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19
Q

The shoot meristem has ___ producing the epidermis and the layers of cells beneath it

A

tunica

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20
Q

produces the cortex, pith and vascular tissues

A

corpus

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21
Q

zone in apical shoot meristem where cell division occurs

A

central zone

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22
Q

zone where leaves, shoots and new
meristems form

A

peripheral zone

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23
Q

zone where stem growth occurs

A

rib zone

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24
Q

stomata in herbaceous plant becomes ___ when matured

A

lenticels

25
Q

come from vascular bundle in dicot stem

A

bundle scars

26
Q

The influence of the apical bud on overall plant growth

A

apical dominance

27
Q

diminishes the growth of axillary buds that form along the sides of branches and stems

A

apical dominance

28
Q

when apical dominance occurs, growth of ___ ___ is suppressed

A

lateral buds

29
Q

adds leaves and lengthens stems and roots in the younger regions of
a plant

A

primary growth

30
Q

thickens stems and roots in older regions where primary growth has stopped

A

secondary growth

31
Q

produces replacement cells in the plant body so that newly formed cells in root and shoot tips remain connected

A

secondary growth

32
Q

cut in a plane that does not pass through the center of the stem but instead passes at a right angle to
a radius

A

tangential section

33
Q

cut in a plane that passes through the center along a radius of the stem

A

radial section

34
Q

Both tangential and radial
sections are

A

longitudinal sections

35
Q

usually arises from parenchyma cells in the outer cortex, produces periderm

A

cork cambium

36
Q

functional replacement for the epidermis

A

periderm

37
Q

areas of the cork in which the cork cells are loosely arranged, permitting gas exchange through the periderm

A

lenticels

38
Q

wood of flowering plants

A

hardwood

39
Q

wood of conifers

A

softwood

40
Q

wood of conifers lack fibers and vessel elements

A

softwood

41
Q

only conducting cells for conifer woods

A

tracheids

42
Q

science of analyzing tree ring growth patterns

A

dendrochronology

43
Q

tool that can be drilled into the center of a tree

A

increment borer

44
Q

the older layers of secondary xylem no longer transport water and minerals

A

heartwood

45
Q

they are closer to the center of a stem or root

A

heartwood

46
Q

The newest, outer layers of secondary xylem still transport xylem sap

A

sapwood

47
Q

run almost parallel to the ground, or just below the surface

A

runners

48
Q

give rise to new plants at the nodes

A

runners

49
Q

flattened leaf-like appearance that performs photosynthesis

A

cladophylls

50
Q

leafless, spirally coiled structure found in climbers

A

stem tendrils

51
Q

sharp outgrowths that protect the plant

A

thorns

52
Q

fleshy and horizontal stem found below in soil

A

rhizome

53
Q

Small nodes and internodes are
found which are covered by scaly leaves.

A

rhizomes

54
Q

Vertical shoots may arise from the buds

A

rhizome

55
Q

stores food for renewing the growth of shoots after periods of
stress

A

rhizome

56
Q

store starch

A

tuber

57
Q

arise as swollen ends of stolons, and contain many adventitious or
unusual buds

A

tuber

58
Q

large buds surrounded by numerous fleshy or papery leaves with a small stem at the lower end for food and water storage during dormancy

A

bulb

59
Q

composed almost entirely of stem
tissue, except for the few papery, scale-like leaves sparsely covering the outside

A

corms

Bot Lec (10 decks)

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