Transport in Plants Flashcards
Why do plants have a branching shape
TO increase their surface area compared to the volume
What does the xylem transport
The xylem transports water and mineral ions
What does the phloem transport
Sucrose and Amino Acids
What tissue is the xylem made up of and what tissue is the phloem made up of
Xylem is made up of dead tissues and pholem is made up of living tissues
What are the xylem vessel’s walls made up of
Lignin and Cellulose
What 2 organelles does the xylem vessels not have
Cytoplasm and Nuclei
What is lignin
A strong hard stubstance that gives structure to the walls of the vessel
How do xylem vessels provide support for the plant (2)
Lignin provides support for the stem and vessel
Keeps the leaves flat for sunlight absorption
How do the xylem vessels help with the transport of water (4)
-> Hard and strong - for the steady flow of water
-> No crosswalls, prevents disruption of flow
-> Narrow walls - smooth flow of water
What protects a root
Root cap
What is the layer that covers the entire root
Epidermis
How are root hairs formed
Extensions of the epidermis
What is the function of root hairs
Increases surface area for faster absorption of water
By which process does water go thourhg the root hairs from the soil
Osmosis
Explain what causes the water to flow up the xylem vessel
The low pressure on the top and the high pressure on the pottom
Transpiration PUll
What is transpiration
Transpiration is the loss of water vapour normally though the stoma in the leaf
Describe the transpiration stream
The Loss of water in the leaf creates the need for replacement of water. This low pressure of water at the top causes the water to move up and replace the water in the leaf.
What is meant by transpiration pull
The transpiration pull is the difference in water pressure
How does temperature affect the rates of transpiration
Temperature increases the rate of transpiration because it increases evaporation of water from the leaf
How does windiness affect the rates of transpiration
It causes the water vapor to blow away quickly - increasing transpiration rates
How does humidity affect the rates of transpiration
Humidity reduces the loss of water vapor due to it already being present in the air. This lessens the rate of transpiration
What happens to plant cells when transpiration occurs very quickly
They become flaccid and lose all turgor pressure
What is translocation
Movement of sucrose and amino acids from sources to the sinks
What is a source
Where sucrose and amino acids are being released and created
What is a sink
Where sucrose and amino acids are being transported to
