Biological molecules Flashcards
What are carbohydrates made up of
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What is a monosaccharide (Examples)
Carbohydrates with a singular carbon ring.
Eg; Glucose, fructose
What is a disaccharide (examples)
Carbohydrates with two carbon rings.
Eg; Maltose, Sucrose
What is a polysaccharide (Examples)
Chain of glucose molecules.
Eg; Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose
Which carbohydrates are readily soluble in water
Monosaccharides, and Disaccharides
How many proteins are present in our body
20 (10 essential)
What are proteins made up of
Long chains of amino acids
What are the elements that proteins are composed of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
What are peptide bonds
Bonds formed between amino acids in order to form chains which create proteins
What are the two groups present in a protein and what are their charges
Amino group (left side) - Positive charge
Carboxyll group (right side) - Negative charge
What is different for every protein
R group or variable group
What are the three types of proteins?
Structural, Enzymes, and Antibodies
What is a structural protein
Proteins that mainly compose the structural part of the cell
What is an enzyme
Proteins that contribute to the rate of chemical reactions in the body
What is an antibody
Proteins that are produced by WBCs to attach onto pathogens
Fats are lipids present in what state
Solid
Oils are lipids present in what state
Liquids
What are lipids made up of
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What are the elements in lipids
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
What are individual units of DNA known as?
nucleotides
What does each nucleotide have
Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous bases that bond with hydrogen.
What is the name of the structure that two individual strands of nucleotides wrap around to form?
Double helix structure
What does A bond with
T
What does G bond with
C
Describe the Iodine test and what it checks
It checks for starch. This is shown when iodine is dropped onto the cell - and turns blue-black.
Describe the benedicts test and what it checks
It checks for reducing sugars. this is shown when you drop the benedicts solution onto the solution at 85 degrees. This causes the color to change from blue to green to yellow to brick red.
Describe the Biurets test and what it checks
It checks for protein. When the extract is dropped onto the solution it turns a lilac or purple color.
Describe the ethanol test and what it checks for
Ethanol is added to the solution until it is clear. If water is added to it, it will turn a milky color.
