Biological molecules

Question 1

What are carbohydrates made up of

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 2

What is a monosaccharide (Examples)

Answer 2

Carbohydrates with a singular carbon ring.
Eg; Glucose, fructose

Question 3

What is a disaccharide (examples)

Answer 3

Carbohydrates with two carbon rings.
Eg; Maltose, Sucrose

Question 4

What is a polysaccharide (Examples)

Answer 4

Chain of glucose molecules.
Eg; Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose

Question 5

Which carbohydrates are readily soluble in water

Answer 5

Monosaccharides, and Disaccharides

Question 6

How many proteins are present in our body

Answer 6

20 (10 essential)

Question 7

What are proteins made up of

Answer 7

Long chains of amino acids

Question 8

What are the elements that proteins are composed of?

Answer 8

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 9

What are peptide bonds

Answer 9

Bonds formed between amino acids in order to form chains which create proteins

Question 10

What are the two groups present in a protein and what are their charges

Answer 10

Amino group (left side) - Positive charge
Carboxyll group (right side) - Negative charge

Question 11

What is different for every protein

Answer 11

R group or variable group

Question 12

What are the three types of proteins?

Answer 12

Structural, Enzymes, and Antibodies

Question 13

What is a structural protein

Answer 13

Proteins that mainly compose the structural part of the cell

Question 14

What is an enzyme

Answer 14

Proteins that contribute to the rate of chemical reactions in the body

Question 15

What is an antibody

Answer 15

Proteins that are produced by WBCs to attach onto pathogens

Question 16

Fats are lipids present in what state

Answer 16

Solid

Question 17

Oils are lipids present in what state

Answer 17

Liquids

Question 18

What are lipids made up of

Answer 18

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 19

What are the elements in lipids

Answer 19

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

Question 20

What are individual units of DNA known as?

Answer 20

nucleotides

Question 21

What does each nucleotide have

Answer 21

Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous bases that bond with hydrogen.

Question 22

What is the name of the structure that two individual strands of nucleotides wrap around to form?

Answer 22

Double helix structure

Question 23

What does A bond with

Answer 23

T

Question 24

What does G bond with

Answer 24

C

Question 25

Describe the Iodine test and what it checks

Answer 25

It checks for starch. This is shown when iodine is dropped onto the cell - and turns blue-black.

Question 26

Describe the benedicts test and what it checks

Answer 26

It checks for reducing sugars. this is shown when you drop the benedicts solution onto the solution at 85 degrees. This causes the color to change from blue to green to yellow to brick red.

Question 27

Describe the Biurets test and what it checks

Answer 27

It checks for protein. When the extract is dropped onto the solution it turns a lilac or purple color.

Question 28

Describe the ethanol test and what it checks for

Answer 28

Ethanol is added to the solution until it is clear. If water is added to it, it will turn a milky color.